将向量传递到函数时出现"vector subscript out of range"错误：c++
Getting a "vector subscript out of range" error when passing a vector into a function: c++
我正在尝试编写一个汇编MIPS指令的c++程序。在调试时，它一直在main的第74行抛出错误:
myassembler.add(lexed[i].labels[0], lexed[i].name, tokens, i);
my main is here:
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include "exceptions.h"
#include "lexer.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "assembler.h"
std::string read_file(const std::string& name) {
std::ifstream file(name);
if (!file.is_open()) {
std::string error = "Could not open file: ";
error += name;
throw std::runtime_error(error);
}
std::stringstream stream;
stream << file.rdbuf();
return std::move(stream.str());
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// Adjusting -- argv[0] is always filename.
--argc;
++argv;
if (argc == 0) {
std::cerr << "Need a file" << std::endl;
return 1;
}
assembler myassembler;
for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
std::string asmName(argv[i]);
if (!util::ends_with_subseq(asmName, std::string(".asm"))) {
std::cerr << "Need a valid file name (that ends in .asm)" << std::endl;
std::cerr << "(Bad name: " << asmName << ")" << std::endl;
return 1;
}
// 4 is len(".asm")
auto length = asmName.size() - string_length(".asm");
std::string baseName(asmName.begin(), asmName.begin() + length);
std::string objName = baseName + ".obj";
try {
auto text = read_file(asmName);
try {
auto lexed = lexer::analyze(text); // Parses the entire file and returns a vector of instructions
for (int i =0; i < (int)lexed.size(); i++){
if(lexed[i].labels.size() > 0) // Checking if there is a label in the current instruction
std::cout << "label = " << lexed[i].labels[0] << "n"; // Prints the label
std::cout<< "instruction name = " << lexed[i].name<< "n"; // Prints the name of instruction
std::cout << "tokens = ";
std::vector<lexer::token> tokens = lexed[i].args;
for(int j=0; j < (int)tokens.size(); j++){ // Prints all the tokens of this instruction like $t1, $t2, $t3
if (tokens[j].type == lexer::token::Integer)
std::cout << tokens[j].integer() << " ";
else
std::cout << tokens[j].string() << " ";
}
myassembler.add(lexed[i].labels[0], lexed[i].name, tokens, i);
myassembler.p();
std::cout << "nnn";
}
} catch(const bad_asm& e) {
std::stringstream error;
error << "Cannot assemble the assembly code at line " << e.line;
throw std::runtime_error(error.str());
} catch(const bad_label& e) {
std::stringstream error;
error << "Undefined label " << e.what() << " at line " << e.line;
throw std::runtime_error(error.str());
}
} catch (const std::runtime_error& err) {
std::cout << err.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
}
/*getchar();*/
return 0;
}
assembler.h:
#include "lexer.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
struct symbol
{
std::string label = "";
int slinenum;
};
struct relocation
{
std::string instruct = "";
std::string label = "";
int rlinenum;
int rt = 0;
int rs = 0;
};
struct opcode
{
std::string instruct = "";
int opc = 0;
bool isloadstore = false;
int extType = 0;
bool isbranch = false;
};
struct function
{
std::string instruct = "";
int funct = 0;
bool isjr = false;
bool isshift = false;
};
struct regs
{
std::string name;
int num;
};
enum instrtype
{
R, I, neither
};
class assembler
{
public:
assembler();
void oinit(void);
void finit(void);
void rinit(void);
void printToFile(std::fstream &file);
void savesymb(std::string label, int line);
void saverel(std::string instr, std::string label, int line, int rt, int rs);
std::vector<int> formatr(std::string instr, lexer::token toke1, lexer::token toke2, lexer::token toke3, int line);
int formatr(std::string instr, lexer::token toke, int line);
std::vector<int> formati(std::string instr, lexer::token toke1, lexer::token toke2, lexer::token toke3, int line);
std::vector<int> formati(std::string instr, lexer::token toke1, lexer::token toke2, int line);
int findnum(std::string regname);
void add(std::string label, std::string instr, const std::vector<lexer::token> &tokens, int linen);
void secAdd(void);
int rassemble(std::string instr, int rd, int rs, int rt, int shamt);
int iassemble(std::string instr, int rt, int rs, int imm);
void p();
private:
std::vector<int> results;
std::vector<symbol> symbtable;
std::vector<relocation> reloctable;
std::vector<opcode> ops;
std::vector<function> functions;
std::vector<regs> registers;
instrtype type = neither;
};
和assembler.cpp:
// ECE 2500
// Project 1: myAssembler
// assembler.cpp
// Sheila Zhu
#include "lexer.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include "assembler.h"
assembler::assembler()
{
oinit();
finit();
rinit();
}
void assembler::oinit()
{
opcode myop;
myop.instruct = "addi";
myop.opc = 8;
myop.extType = 1;
ops.push_back(myop);
// more of the same
}
void assembler::finit()
{
function myfunc;
myfunc.instruct = "add";
myfunc.funct = 32;
functions.push_back(myfunc);
// more of the same
}
void assembler::rinit()
{
regs myreg;
myreg.name = "$zero";
myreg.num = 0;
registers.push_back(myreg);
//more of the same
}
void assembler::printToFile(std::fstream &file)
{
for (int i = 0; i < (int)results.size(); i++)
file << results.at(i) << std::endl;
}
void assembler::savesymb(std::string label, int line)
{
symbol symb;
symb.label = label;
symb.slinenum = line * 4;
symbtable.push_back(symb);
}
void assembler::saverel(std::string instr, std::string label, int line, int rt, int rs)
{
relocation re;
re.instruct = instr;
re.label = label;
re.rlinenum = line;
re.rt = rt;
re.rs = rs;
}
int assembler::findnum(std::string regname)
{
for (int i = 0; i < (int)registers.size(); i++)
{
if (regname == registers.at(i).name)
return registers.at(i).num;
}
return -1;
}
std::vector<int> assembler::formatr(std::string instr, lexer::token toke1, lexer::token toke2, lexer::token toke3, int line)
{
int rd = 0, rs = 0, rt = 0, shamt = 0;
std::vector<int> x;
function currf;
for (int i = 0; i < (int)functions.size(); i++)
{
if (instr == functions.at(i).instruct)
currf = functions.at(i);
}
try
{
if (currf.isshift)
{
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rd = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rd == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke2.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke3.type == lexer::token::Integer)
{
shamt = toke3.integer();
if (shamt < 0)
throw 3;
}
else
throw 1;
}
else
{
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rd = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rd == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke2.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke3.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rt = findnum(toke3.string());
if (rt == -1)
throw 2;
}
}
}
catch (int e)
{
if (e == 1)
std::cerr << "Wrong argument in line " << line << std::endl;
else if (e == 2)
std::cerr << "Invalid register name in line " << line << std::endl;
else
std::cerr << "Shift amount cannot be negative in line " << line << std::endl;
}
x.push_back(rd);
x.push_back(rs);
x.push_back(rt);
x.push_back(shamt);
return x;
}
int assembler::formatr(std::string instr, lexer::token toke, int line)
{
int rs = 0;
try
{
if (toke.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
}
catch (int e)
{
if (e == 1)
std::cerr << "Wrong argument in line " << line << std::endl;
else
std::cerr << "Invalid register name in line " << line << std::endl;
}
return rs;
}
std::vector<int> assembler::formati(std::string instr, lexer::token toke1, lexer::token toke2, lexer::token toke3, int line)
{
int rt = 0, rs = 0, imm = 0;
std::vector<int> x;
opcode currop;
for (int i = 0; i < (int)ops.size(); i++)
{
if (instr == ops.at(i).instruct)
currop = ops.at(i);
}
try
{
if (currop.isbranch)
{
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rt = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rt == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke2.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke3.type == lexer::token::Integer)
imm = toke3.integer();
else
saverel(instr, toke3.string(), line, rt, rs);
}
else if (currop.isloadstore)
{
if ((instr == "lbu") || (instr == "sb"))
{
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::String)
throw 1;
else
{
if (toke2.integer() < 0)
imm = (0xFFFF << 16) + (0xFF << 8) + toke2.integer();
else
imm = toke2.integer();
}
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rt = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rt == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke3.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke2.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
}
else
{
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::String)
throw 1;
else
{
if (toke2.integer() < 0)
imm = (0xFFFF << 16) + toke2.integer();
else
imm = toke2.integer();
}
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rt = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rt == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke3.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke2.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
}
}
else
{
if ((instr == "andi") || (instr == "ori"))
{
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rt = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rt == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke2.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke3.type == lexer::token::Integer)
imm = toke3.integer();
else
throw 1;
}
else
{
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rt = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rt == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rs = findnum(toke2.string());
if (rs == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke3.type == lexer::token::Integer)
{
if (toke3.integer() < 0)
imm = (0xFFFF << 16) + toke2.integer();
else
imm = toke3.integer();
}
else
throw 1;
}
}
}
catch (int e)
{
if (e == 1)
std::cerr << "Wrong argument in line " << line << std::endl;
else
std::cerr << "Invalid register name in line " << line << std::endl;
}
x.push_back(rt);
x.push_back(rs);
x.push_back(imm);
return x;
}
std::vector<int> assembler::formati(std::string instr, lexer::token toke1, lexer::token toke2, int line)
{
int rt = 0, imm = 0;
std::vector<int> rval;
try
{
if (toke1.type == lexer::token::Integer)
throw 1;
else
{
rt = findnum(toke1.string());
if (rt == -1)
throw 2;
}
if (toke2.type == lexer::token::String)
throw 1;
else
imm = toke2.integer();
}
catch (int e)
{
if (e == 1)
std::cerr << "Wrong argument in line " << line << std::endl;
else
std::cerr << "Invalid register name in line " << line << std::endl;
}
rval.push_back(rt);
rval.push_back(imm);
return rval;
}
void assembler::add(std::string label, std::string instr, const std::vector<lexer::token> &token, int linen)
{
int assembled = 0, rd = 0, rt = 0;
std::vector<int> argh;
int arg;
if (label.length() > 0)
savesymb(label, linen);
for (int i = 0; i < (int)functions.size(); i++)
{
if (instr == functions.at(i).instruct)
type = R;
}
for (int i = 0; i < (int)ops.size(); i++)
{
if (instr == ops.at(i).instruct)
type = I;
}
if (type == R)
{
try
{
if (instr == "jr")
{
if ((int)token.size() == 1)
{
arg = formatr(instr, token.at(0), linen);
assembled = rassemble(instr, rd, arg, rt, 0);
}
else
throw 1;
}
else
{
if ((int)token.size() == 3)
{
argh = formatr(instr, token.at(0), token.at(2), token.at(3), linen);
assembled = rassemble(instr, argh[0], argh[1], argh[2], argh[3]);
}
else
throw 1;
}
}
catch (int e)
{
if (e == 1)
std::cerr << "Wrong number of arguments at line " << linen << std::endl;
}
}
else if (type == I)
{
try
{
if (instr == "lui")
{
if ((int)token.size() == 2)
{
argh = formati(instr, token.at(0), token.at(1), linen);
assembled = iassemble(instr, argh[0], 0, argh[1]);
}
else
throw 1;
}
else
{
if ((int)token.size() == 3)
{
argh = formati(instr, token.at(0), token.at(1), token.at(2), linen);
assembled = iassemble(instr, argh[0], argh[1], argh[2]);
}
else
throw 1;
}
}
catch (int e)
{
if (e == 1)
std::cout << "Wrong number of arguments at line " << linen << std::endl;
}
}
else
std::cerr << "Instruction not recognized at line " << linen << std::endl;
results.push_back(assembled);
}
void assembler::secAdd(void)
{
std::vector<int>::iterator iter = results.begin();
for (int i = 0; i < (int)reloctable.size(); i++)
{
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < symbtable.size(); j++)
{
if (reloctable.at(i).label == symbtable.at(j).label)
{
int assembled = 0;
iter += (reloctable.at(i).rlinenum / 4);
for (unsigned int k = 0; k < ops.size(); k++)
{
if (reloctable.at(i).instruct == ops.at(k).instruct)
type = I;
}
if (type == I)
assembled = iassemble(reloctable.at(i).instruct, reloctable.at(i).rt, reloctable.at(i).rs, symbtable.at(i).slinenum);
else
std::cerr << "Instruction not recognized at line " << reloctable.at(i).rlinenum << std::endl;
results.erase(iter);
results.insert(iter, assembled);
}
}
}
}
int assembler::rassemble(std::string instr, int rd, int rs, int rt, int shamt)
{
int func = 0;
int code = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < (int)functions.size(); i++)
{
if (instr == functions.at(i).instruct)
{
func = functions.at(i).funct;
break;
}
else
{
if (i == (functions.size() - 1))
return -1;
}
}
code = (rs << 21) + (rt << 16) + (rd << 11) + (shamt << 6) + func;
return code;
}
int assembler::iassemble(std::string instr, int rt, int rs, int imm)
{
int op = 0;
int code = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < (int)ops.size(); i++)
{
if (instr == ops.at(i).instruct)
{
op = ops.at(i).opc;
break;
}
else
{
if (i == (ops.size() - 1))
return -1;
}
}
code = (op << 26) + (rs << 21) + (rt << 16) + imm;
return code;
}
void assembler::p()
{
for (int i = 0; i < (int)results.size(); i++)
std::cout << results.at(i) << " ";
std::cout << std::endl;
}
调试时，tokens参数触发错误，向量代码中的this指针显示在以下几行向量大小变为0:
#if _ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL == 2
if (size() <= _Pos)
到底发生了什么?
如果我的格式不好/错误等，请告诉我是否需要进行任何编辑/提供更多代码。
访问不存在的索引向量元素导致错误。在这种情况下，lexed[i]应该是有效的。因此，唯一可能的问题可能是空labels向量。在访问它的元素之前验证这个向量，例如
myassembler.add(lexed[i].labels.empty() ? "" : lexed[i].labels[0],
lexed[i].name, tokens, i);
实际上，对于非常大的lexed数组，当整数索引可能溢出时，还有一个错误。你不应该将.size()的结果强制转换为int。相反，i:
for (size_t i = 0; i < lexed.size(); i++)
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