在Rcpp中用(西班牙语)重音单词排序映射

Sort map with (Spanish) accented words in Rcpp

本文关键字:单词 排序 映射 Rcpp 中用 西班牙语      更新时间:2023-10-16

通过在std::sort中指定UTF-8语言环境,我可以成功地对带有重音元音的西班牙语单词进行排序,

// [[Rcpp::export]]
std::vector<std::string> sort_words(std::vector<std::string> x) {
  std::sort(x.begin(), x.end(), std::locale("en_US.UTF-8"));
  return x;
}
/*** R
words <- c("casa", "árbol", "zona", "árbol", "casa", "libro")
sort_words(words)
*/
returns (as expected):
[1] "árbol" "árbol" "casa"  "casa"  "libro" "zona"

我不知道如何在地图上做同样的事情:

// slightly modified version of tableC on http://adv-r.had.co.nz/Rcpp.html
// [[Rcpp::export]]
std::map<String, int> table_words(CharacterVector x) {
  std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8");
  // std::setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "en_US.UTF-8"); // also tried this instead of previous line
  std::map<String, int> counts;
  int n = x.size();
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    counts[x[i]]++;
  }
  return counts;
}
/*** R
words <- c("casa", "árbol", "zona", "árbol", "casa", "libro")
table_words(words)
*/
returns:
casa    libro   zona    árbol
    2       1       1       2
but I want:
árbol   casa    libro   zona    
    2       2       1       1

关于如何让table_words将重音"árbol"放在"casa"之前,使用Rcpp甚至返回R,使用base::sort,有什么想法吗?

同样,std::sort(..., std::locale("en_US.UTF-8"))只在我的Linux机器上使用:gcc版本4.8.2 (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1)。它不能在Mac 10.10.3上运行:Apple LLVM version 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53)(基于LLVM 3.6.0svn)。关于我的Mac编译器缺少什么,我的Linux编译器有什么线索?

这是我的脚本和我的sessionInfo,对于两台机器:

// [[Rcpp::plugins(cpp11)]]
#include <locale>
#include <clocale>
#include <Rcpp.h>
using namespace Rcpp;
// [[Rcpp::export]]
std::vector<std::string> sort_words(std::vector<std::string> x) {
  std::sort(x.begin(), x.end(), std::locale("en_US.UTF-8"));
  return x;
}
// [[Rcpp::export]]
std::map<String, int> table_words(CharacterVector x) {
  // std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8"); // tried this instead of next line
  std::setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "en_US.UTF-8");
  std::map<String, int> counts;
  int n = x.size();
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    counts[x[i]]++;
  }
  return counts;
}
/*** R
words <- c("casa", "árbol", "zona", "árbol", "casa", "libro")
sort_words(words)
table_words(words)
sort(table_words(words), decreasing = T)
output_from_Rcpp <- table_words(words)
sort(names(output_from_Rcpp))
*/
> words <- c("casa", "árbol", "zona", "árbol", "casa", "libro")
> sort_words(words)
[1] "árbol" "árbol" "casa"  "casa"  "libro" "zona" 
> table_words(words)
 casa libro  zona árbol 
    2     1     1     2 
> sort(table_words(words), decreasing = T)
 casa árbol libro  zona 
    2     2     1     1 
> output_from_Rcpp <- table_words(words)
> sort(names(output_from_Rcpp))
[1] "árbol" "casa"  "libro" "zona" 
sessionInfo on linux machine:
R version 3.2.0 (2015-04-16)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8
attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] tools_3.2.0 Rcpp_0.11.6
sessionInfo on Mac:
R version 3.2.1 (2015-06-18)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0 (64-bit)
Running under: OS X 10.10.3 (Yosemite)
locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8
attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
other attached packages:
[1] textcat_1.0-3 readr_0.1.1   rvest_0.2.0  
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] httr_1.0.0    selectr_0.2-3 R6_2.1.0      magrittr_1.5  tools_3.2.1   curl_0.9.1    Rcpp_0.11.6   slam_0.1-32   stringi_0.5-5
[10] tau_0.0-18    stringr_1.0.0 XML_3.98-1.3 

std::map上应用std::sort是没有意义的,因为映射总是排序,根据定义。该定义是模板实例化的具体类型的一部分。std::map有第三个"隐藏"类型参数,用于排序键的比较函数,键类型默认为std::less。参见http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/map。

在您的例子中,您可以使用std::locale作为比较类型,并将std::locale("en-US")(或任何适合您系统的类型)传递给构造函数。

下面是一个例子。它使用c++ 11,但您可以轻松地在c++ 03中使用相同的解决方案。

#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <locale>
#include <exception>
using Map = std::map<std::string, int, std::locale>;
int main()
{
    try
    {
        Map map(std::locale("en-US"));
        map["casa"] = 1;
        map["árbol"] = 2;
        map["zona"] = 3;
        map["árbol"] = 4;
        map["casa"] = 5;
        map["libro"] = 6;
        for (auto const& map_entry : map)
        {
            std::cout << map_entry.first << " -> " << map_entry.second << "n";
        }
    }
    catch (std::exception const& exc)
    {
        std::cerr << exc.what() << "n";
    }
}
输出:

árbol -> 4
casa -> 5
libro -> 6
zona -> 3

当然,您必须意识到std::locale是高度依赖于实现的。使用Boost.Locale可能会更好。

另一个问题是,这个解决方案可能看起来令人困惑,因为std::locale不是许多程序员会与比较函数联系在一起的东西。这几乎有点太聪明了。

因此一个可能更可读的替代:

#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <locale>
#include <exception>
struct ComparisonUsingLocale
{
    std::locale locale{ "en-US" };
    bool operator()(std::string const& lhs, std::string const& rhs) const
    {
        return locale(lhs, rhs);
    }
};
using Map = std::map<std::string, int, ComparisonUsingLocale>;
int main()
{
    try
    {
        Map map;
        map["casa"] = 1;
        map["árbol"] = 2;
        map["zona"] = 3;
        map["árbol"] = 4;
        map["casa"] = 5;
        map["libro"] = 6;
        for (auto const& map_entry : map)
        {
            std::cout << map_entry.first << " -> " << map_entry.second << "n";
        }
    }
    catch (std::exception const& exc)
    {
        std::cerr << exc.what() << "n";
    }
}