变量始终在函数中重置为默认值

Variable always resets to default in Functions

本文关键字:默认值 函数 变量      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在构建一个ATM类型的程序,您可以在其中使用功能存入和提取余额。起初我注意到,在我第一次存款后,它工作正常,但在第二次使用存款后,它不会将其添加到当前余额中,而是添加到之前的余额中。

例如:
(第一次尝试(
*余额 = 1000
*存款500
*余额现在 = 1500

(第2次尝试(
*存款700
*余额现在是1700

它没有达到2200,而是在我第二次尝试之前重置回1000,结果为1700。 任何人都可以解释一下代码中出了什么问题吗?我不仅愿意获得正确的代码,而且还愿意学习它是如何完成的。

这是为了我的 c++ 培训。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int deposit(int x, int y)
{
int newbal = x + y;
return newbal;
}
int withdraw(int x, int y)
{
int newbal = x - y;
return newbal;
}
int main()
{
int menu;
int selection;
double x = 1000, y;
int trans;
char user[20], pass[20], pktc[3];
string newuser, newpass;
do{
system ("CLS");
cout << "Welcome To Bank" << endl;
cout << "[1] Register" << endl;
cout << "[2] Login" << endl;
cout << "[3] Exit" << endl;
cout << "nnEnter command: " <<endl;
cin >> menu;
switch(menu)
{
//----------------------------------------------------------------CASE 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//----------------------------------------------------------------REGISTER----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
case 1:
system ("CLS");
cout << "<-------REGISTER------->nn";
cout << "Enter Name: ";
cin >> user;
newuser = user;
cout << "Enter Password: ";
cin >> pass;
newpass = pass;
cout <<"REGISTERED SUCCESSFULLY!" << endl;
cout <<"nnPress Any key to contniue" << endl;
cin >> pktc;
system ("CLS");
break;
//------------------------------------------------------------END OF REGISTER--------------------------------------------------------------------------//   

//----------------------------------------------------------------CASE 2------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------LOGIN------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
case 2:
system ("CLS");
cout << "<-------LOGIN------->nn";
cout << "Enter Username: ";
cin >> newuser;
cout << "Enter Password: ";
cin >> newpass;
if(newuser != user || newpass != pass)
{
//-------------------------------------------------------------FAILED LOGIN----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
cout << "nInvalid account" << endl;
cout <<"nnPress Any key to contniue" << endl;
cin >> pktc;
system ("CLS");
}
else if (newuser == user || newpass == pass)
{
//----------------------------------------------------------------CASE 2.1------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//------------------------------------------------------------SUCCESFULL LOGIN--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
system ("CLS");
cout << "nn<-------------------------------WELCOME------------------------------->nn" << endl;
cout<<"nWelcome To Banco De Nelio";
cout<<"nUSERNAME:  "<< user << endl;
cout<<"nn TIP ATM MACHINE";
cout<<"n   1. Balance";
cout<<"n   2. Deposit";
cout<<"n   3. Withdraw";
cout<<"n   4. Exit";
do{
cout<<"nnChoose Transaction[1-3]:";
cin>>trans;
switch(trans)
{
//----------------------------------------------------------------ATM CASE 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//--------------------------------------------------------------CHECK BALANCE--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
case 1:
system ("CLS");
cout << "nn<-------------------------------WELCOME------------------------------->nn" << endl;
cout<<"nWelcome To Banco De Nelio";
cout<<"nUSERNAME:  "<< user << endl;
cout<<"nn TIP ATM MACHINE";
cout<<"n   1. Balance";
cout<<"n   2. Deposit";
cout<<"n   3. Withdraw";
cout<<"n   4. Exit";
cout<<"nnYour total balance is: "<< deposit(x, y) ;
break;
//----------------------------------------------------------------ATM CASE 2------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//--------------------------------------------------------------BEFORE DEPOSIT--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
case 2:
system ("CLS");
cout << "nn<-------------------------------WELCOME------------------------------->nn" << endl;
cout<<"nWelcome To Banco De Nelio";
cout<<"nUSERNAME:  "<< user << endl;
cout<<"nn TIP ATM MACHINE";
cout<<"n   1. Balance";
cout<<"n   2. Deposit";
cout<<"n   3. Withdraw";
cout<<"n   4. Exit";
cout<<"nnEnter the amount:" ; 
cin>>y;
//--------------------------------------------------------------AFTER DEPOSIT--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
system ("CLS");
cout << "nn<-------------------------------WELCOME------------------------------->nn" << endl;
cout<<"nWelcome To Banco De Nelio";
cout<<"nUSERNAME:  "<< user << endl;
cout<<"nn TIP ATM MACHINE";
cout<<"n   1. Balance";
cout<<"n   2. Deposit";
cout<<"n   3. Withdraw";
cout<<"n   4. Exit";
cout<<"nnYour total balance now is: " << deposit(x, y) <<endl;
break;
//----------------------------------------------------------------ATM CASE 3------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//--------------------------------------------------------------WITHDRAW BALANCE--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
case 3:
cout<<"nEnter the amount:" ;
cin>>y;
if ( y > x)
{
cout<<"nYou cannot withdraw " << y;
cout<<" because the amount is higher than your balance" << endl;
break;
}
else
x = x - y;
cout<<"nYour Total Balance is now " << withdraw(x, y) << endl;
break;
//----------------------------------------------------------------ATM CASE 4------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//-------------------------------------------------------------------BACK--------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
case 4:
cout<<"nnThank You!" << endl;
break;
default:
cout<<"nYou did not enter any valid number" << endl;
break;
}
}while (trans<=3);
}
break;
//----------------------------------------------------------------CASE 3------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------EXIT-------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
case 3:
system ("CLS");
cout << "Thank you for using me!n";
return 0;
//-------------------------------------------------------------END OF EXIT----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
}
}while (menu<=3);
}

我不确定这里的问题是否是 switch 语句中的函数或冲突。 提前致谢

编辑请先注册:)

很难发现重要的部分,但基本上你的问题可以归结为类似的东西

int add(int x,int y) { return a+b; }
int sub(int x,int y) { return a-b; }
int main() {
int initial = 0;
// add 10 then subtract 5
std::cout << add(initial,10) << 'n';  // prints 10
std::cout << sub(initial,5) << 'n';   // prints -5
}

当你真正想要的是类似的东西时

int main() { 
int initial = 0;
// add 10 then subtract 5 and update initial
initial = add(initial,10);
std::cout << initial << 'n';
initial = sub(initial,5); 
std::cout << initial << 'n';
}

您的方法可以正确计算新数量,但是当您调用这些方法时,当您想要更新某些变量时,您会忽略返回值。

其他一些建议(按随机顺序(:

  • 使用有意义的名称。xy不传达任何含义,int deposit(int current_balance, int amount)int deposit(int x,int y)
  • 使用函数将代码拆分为较小的部分(例如,将输入、输出和逻辑分开是个好主意(。每当你发现自己在写一个描述代码块正在做什么的注释时,这个代码块是一个很好的候选函数,它得到一个正确的名称而不是一个注释。
  • 当你
  • 想结束一行时,不要使用std::endl(std::endl结束一行并刷新流,这在大多数情况下不是你想要的(,改用n
  • 不要使用using namespace std;.它不会对你当前的代码造成太大的伤害,但在这里阅读为什么你永远不应该在标题中这样做,最好不要从一开始就习惯坏习惯。