/usr/bin/ld:找不到本地 libmpifort.so

环境

• 乌班图 18.04
• 我想安装 ISSM(冰盖系统模型(
• 在这个过程中，它需要安装许多外部软件包。
• 在make，我收到以下错误消息。/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -l/home/testuser/issm/trunk//externalpackages/mpich/install/lib/libmpifort.so

我遵循两个(？(通用解决方案，但我还没有找到合适的解决方案。 我想知道-l<NameOfLibrary>，但是，就我而言，我得到了-l<AddrOfLibrary>. 这是正常情况吗？ 有通用的解决方案吗？

我最初的问题：

/usr/bin/ld： 找不到 ld -l我将 CMake 安装在具有卷共享功能的 docker 容器中。 所以，我可以完成执行./configure.sh. 但是在make中，我得到了这些错误/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -l<xxx>

CXXLD    libISSMCore.la
*** Warning: Linking the shared library libISSMCore.la against the
*** static library /home/testuser/issm/trunk//externalpackages/m1qn3/install/libm1qn3.a is not portable!
*** Warning: Linking the shared library libISSMCore.la against the
*** static library /home/testuser/issm/trunk//externalpackages/m1qn3/install/libddot.a is not portable!
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -l/home/testuser/issm/trunk//externalpackages/mpich/install/lib/libmpifort.so
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:4505: recipe for target 'libISSMCore.la' failed
make[3]: *** [libISSMCore.la] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/testuser/issm/trunk/src/c'
Makefile:460: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/testuser/issm/trunk/src'
Makefile:582: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/testuser/issm/trunk'
Makefile:479: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
user01@opendataserver:/home/testuser/issm/trunk$ ls ./externalpackages/mpich/install/lib/
libfmpich.so    libmpicxx.la         libmpifort.so     libmpi.so.12.1.0
libmpi.a    libmpicxx.so         libmpifort.so.12      libmpl.so
libmpichcxx.so  libmpicxx.so.12      libmpifort.so.12.1.0  libopa.so
libmpichf90.so  libmpicxx.so.12.1.0  libmpi.la         pkgconfig
libmpich.so libmpifort.a         libmpi.so
libmpicxx.a libmpifort.la        libmpi.so.12

ISSM论坛中的问题

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpgm
이는 링크 단계에서 libpgm.so.<숫자> 인 라이브러리를 링크시키지 못했다는 말입니다.
1) find / -name libpgm* -print 를 하여 libpgm.so.x 파일이 존재하는지를 파악하고, 없으면 라이브러리가 제대로 설치가 안된 것입니다.
2) 파일이 존재한다면 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 에 해당 디렉토리가 들어가 있지 않기 때문입니다.
bash의 경우 (libpgm.so.x 파일이 /xxx/xxx1/xxx2/ 디렉토리 밑에 존재한다면)
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/xxx/xxx1/xxx2/
3) 다시 컴파일 해보길.. 행운을 빕니다.
Nothing will be happen.

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/testuser/issm/trunk/externalpackages/mpich/install/lib/

裁判

First, you need to know the naming rule of lxxx:
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lltdl
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXtst
lc means libc.so, lltdl means libltdl.so, lXtst means libXts.so.
So, it is lib + lib-name + .so
Once we know the name, we can use locate to find the path of this lxxx.so file.
$ locate libiconv.so
/home/user/anaconda3/lib/libiconv.so   # <-- right here
/home/user/anaconda3/lib/libiconv.so.2
/home/user/anaconda3/lib/libiconv.so.2.5.1
/home/user/anaconda3/lib/preloadable_libiconv.so
/home/user/anaconda3/pkgs/libiconv-1.14-0/lib/libiconv.so
/home/user/anaconda3/pkgs/libiconv-1.14-0/lib/libiconv.so.2
/home/user/anaconda3/pkgs/libiconv-1.14-0/lib/libiconv.so.2.5.1
/home/user/anaconda3/pkgs/libiconv-1.14-0/lib/preloadable_libiconv.so
If you cannot find it, you need to install it by yum (I use CentOS). Usually you have this file, but it does not link to right place.
Link it to the right place, usually it is /lib64 or /usr/lib64
$ sudo ln -s /home/user/anaconda3/lib/libiconv.so /usr/lib64/
Done!
ref: https://i-pogo.blogspot.jp/2010/01/usrbinld-cannot-find-lxxx.html

sudo ln -s /home/testuser/issm/trunk/externalpackages/mpich/install/lib/libmpifort.so /usr/lib/

裁判