为什么我的C++实现比 R 源慢?

Why is my C++ implementation slower than the R source?

本文关键字:源慢 实现 我的 C++ 为什么      更新时间:2023-10-16

我试图用Rcpp实现charToRaw函数。 下面的C_charToRaw是从 R 源复制的。

C++代码:

#include <Rcpp.h>
#include <Rinternals.h>
// [[Rcpp::export]]
Rcpp::RawVector Cpp_charToRaw(const std::string& s) {
Rcpp::RawVector res(s.begin(), s.end());
return res;
}
// [[Rcpp::export]]
SEXP C_charToRaw(SEXP x) {
if (!Rf_isString(x) || LENGTH(x) == 0) {
Rf_error("argument must be a character vector of length 1");
}
if (LENGTH(x) > 1) {
Rf_warning("argument should be a character vector of length 1nall but the first element will be ignored");
}
int nc = LENGTH(STRING_ELT(x, 0));
SEXP ans = Rf_allocVector(RAWSXP, nc);
if (nc) {
memcpy(RAW(ans), CHAR(STRING_ELT(x, 0)), nc);
}
return ans;
}

基准代码:

x = "Test string. Test string"
bench::mark(
Cpp_charToRaw(x),
C_charToRaw(x),
charToRaw(x),
iterations = 100000
)

基准测试结果:

# A tibble: 3 x 13
expression            min   median `itr/sec` mem_alloc `gc/sec` n_itr  n_gc total_time result memory
<bch:expr>       <bch:tm> <bch:tm>     <dbl> <bch:byt>    <dbl> <int> <dbl>   <bch:tm> <list> <list>
1 Cpp_charToRaw(x)   1.44µs   1.58µs   611480.        0B     30.6 99995     5    163.5ms < [24… <df[,…
2 C_charToRaw(x)     1.38µs   1.49µs   648339.        0B     38.9 99994     6    154.2ms < [24… <df[,…
3 charToRaw(x)     277.88ns 329.81ns  2747742.        0B     27.5 99999     1     36.4ms < [24… <df[,…
# … with 2 more variables: time <list>, gc <list>

问题:为什么内置charToRaw这么快?

构建日志:

Generated extern "C" functions 
--------------------------------------------------------

#include <Rcpp.h>
// Cpp_charToRaw
Rcpp::RawVector Cpp_charToRaw(const std::string& s);
RcppExport SEXP sourceCpp_1_Cpp_charToRaw(SEXP sSEXP) {
BEGIN_RCPP
Rcpp::RObject rcpp_result_gen;
Rcpp::RNGScope rcpp_rngScope_gen;
Rcpp::traits::input_parameter< const std::string& >::type s(sSEXP);
rcpp_result_gen = Rcpp::wrap(Cpp_charToRaw(s));
return rcpp_result_gen;
END_RCPP
}
// C_charToRaw
SEXP C_charToRaw(SEXP x);
RcppExport SEXP sourceCpp_1_C_charToRaw(SEXP xSEXP) {
BEGIN_RCPP
Rcpp::RObject rcpp_result_gen;
Rcpp::RNGScope rcpp_rngScope_gen;
Rcpp::traits::input_parameter< SEXP >::type x(xSEXP);
rcpp_result_gen = Rcpp::wrap(C_charToRaw(x));
return rcpp_result_gen;
END_RCPP
}
Generated R functions 
-------------------------------------------------------
`.sourceCpp_1_DLLInfo` <- dyn.load('/tmp/RtmpIEEIRN/sourceCpp-x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-1.0.2/sourcecpp_11646c07fffb/sourceCpp_5.so')
Cpp_charToRaw <- Rcpp:::sourceCppFunction(function(s) {}, FALSE, `.sourceCpp_1_DLLInfo`, 'sourceCpp_1_Cpp_charToRaw')
C_charToRaw <- Rcpp:::sourceCppFunction(function(x) {}, FALSE, `.sourceCpp_1_DLLInfo`, 'sourceCpp_1_C_charToRaw')
rm(`.sourceCpp_1_DLLInfo`)
Building shared library
--------------------------------------------------------
DIR: /tmp/RtmpIEEIRN/sourceCpp-x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-1.0.2/sourcecpp_11646c07fffb
/usr/lib64/R/bin/R CMD SHLIB -o 'sourceCpp_5.so' --preclean  'test.cpp'  
g++ -I"/usr/include/R/" -DNDEBUG   -I"/home/xxx/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6/Rcpp/include" -I"/home/xxx/projects/R/packages/RestRserve/tmp" -I"/home/xxx/projects/R/packages/RestRserve/tmp/../inst/include" -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2  -fpic  -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe -fno-plt  -c test.cpp -o test.o
g++ -shared -L/usr/lib64/R/lib -Wl,-O1,--sort-common,--as-needed,-z,relro,-z,now -o sourceCpp_5.so test.o -L/usr/lib64/R/lib -lR

更新

根据答案和评论Rcpp::RNGScope禁用了[[Rcpp::export(rng = false)]].

Cpp_rawToChar功能也几乎没有改进:

// [[Rcpp::export(rng = false)]]
Rcpp::RawVector Cpp_charToRaw2(const char* s) {
Rcpp::RawVector res(s, s + std::strlen(s));
return res;
}

更新的基准:

# A tibble: 4 x 13
expression          min median `itr/sec` mem_alloc `gc/sec` n_itr  n_gc total_time result memory
<bch:expr>        <bch> <bch:>     <dbl> <bch:byt>    <dbl> <int> <dbl>   <bch:tm> <list> <list>
1 Cpp_charToRaw(x)  448ns  506ns  1789684.        0B     35.8 99998     2     55.9ms < [24… <df[,…
2 Cpp_charToRaw2(x) 361ns  412ns  2180744.        0B     43.6 99998     2     45.9ms < [24… <df[,…
3 C_charToRaw(x)    331ns  369ns  2428416.        0B     24.3 99999     1     41.2ms < [24… <df[,…
4 charToRaw(x)      274ns  311ns  2930855.        0B     58.6 99998     2     34.1ms < [24… <df[,…
# … with 2 more variables: time <list>, gc <list>

开销几乎可以肯定来自函数周围的 Rcpp 包装器。从生成的代码中可以看出,此包装器设置了一个 RNG 范围,它涉及复制一个大的数字向量(在您的情况下,这实际上是不必要的;使用[[Rcpp::export(rng = false)]]禁用它)。在Cpp_charToRaw的情况下,包装器还需要将R向量复制到std::string中,因为这种转换不能就地发生(它可以与std::string_view一起发生)。

您可以通过对空 Rcpp 函数进行基准测试来测试此 Rcpp 开销:

// [[Rcpp::export]]
SEXP do_nothing(SEXP x) {
return x;
}