如何在对象中正确使用整数和浮点

How do I use integers and floats within an object correctly?

本文关键字:整数 对象      更新时间:2023-10-16

因此,我正试图编写一个程序来跟踪具有以下属性的葡萄酒厂的各种属性。

-动态分配内存

-整合者追踪酒厂启动的年份

-成功率和葡萄园占地面积的浮动。

-添加、删除、显示(按评级和名称)和保存酒庄数据的功能。

我已经编写/调试了代码,以使用类似的程序,其中所有属性都是cstrings,并且此代码基于相同的框架。

我的问题是,适用于动态分配的cstrings的相同代码不适用于整数或浮点,并且我从编译器中收到了转换错误消息。我有一个包含aWinerylist类,由于我使用私有成员来隐藏数据,所以我有一些函数要从客户端程序传递到listaWinery。具有相同类型的函数是相同的,所以我在这里只包括每种类型中的一种。

有人能指出我做错了什么吗?如果aWinery对int和float的定义不是指针,我不知道如何通过参数返回。我能在类中找到的动态内存编程的唯一例子是使用cstrings。我在代码中注意到了几点,这是我从一位讲师那里复制的,因为我无法理解。

EDIT:我得到的具体错误是invalid conversion from int* to intn year = this->year,它的一些置换发生在aWinery的所有基于整数和浮点的访问器和赋值函数中。

列出存取器、突变体、构造函数和析构函数

void list::getWineryLocation(char location[]) const
{
wineryData.getLocation(location);
}
void list::getWineryYear(int year) const
{
wineryData.getYear(year);
}
void list::getWineryAcres(float acres) const
{
wineryData.getAcres(acres);
}
void list::setWineryLocation(char location[])
{
wineryData.setLocation(location);
}
void list::setWineryYear(int year)
{
wineryData.setYear(year);
}
void list::setWineryAcres(float acres)
{
wineryData.setAcres(acres);
}
//Constructor functions
list::list()
{
nameHead = NULL;
nameTail = NULL;
ratingHead = NULL;
ratingTail = NULL;
size = 0;
}
//Destructor
//Doesn't delete the head/tailRating pointers to avoid double deleting a winery
list::~list()
{
node * curr = nameHead;
while (nameHead != NULL)
{
curr = nameHead->nextByName;
delete nameHead;
nameHead = curr;
}
}

aWinery Accessor、Mutator、Constructor和Destructor函数

//Winery object constructor
aWinery::aWinery()
{
name = new char[strlen("Unknown")+1];
strcpy(name, "Unknown");
location = new char[strlen("Unknown")+1];
strcpy(location, "Unknown");
year = new int;
year = 0;
acres = new float;
acres = 0;
successRating = new float;
successRating = 0;
}
//I have no idea whats going on here
//Winery destructor
aWinery::~aWinery()
{   
if(name != NULL)
delete [] name;
if(location != NULL)
delete [] location;
if(year != 0)
delete year;
if(acres != 0)
delete acres;
if(successRating != 0)
delete successRating;
}
void aWinery::getLocation(char location[]) const
{
strcpy(location, this->location);
}
void aWinery::getYear(int year) const
{
year = this->year;
}
void aWinery::getAcres(float acres) const
{
acres = this->acres;
}
//I have no idea why this is written this way, I copied this from an instructor example
void aWinery::setLocation(char location0[])
{
if(this->location != NULL)
delete [] this->location;
this->location =  new char[strlen(location0)+1];
strcpy(this->location, location0);
}
void aWinery::setYear(int year0)
{
if(this->year != 0)
delete this->year;
this->year =  new int;
this->year = year0;
}
void aWinery::setAcres(float acres0)
{
if(this->acres != 0)
delete this->acres;
this->acres =  new float;
this->acres = acres0;
}

aWinery头文件

#ifndef AWINERY_H
#define AWINERY_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//winery object
class aWinery
{
public:
//Constructor
aWinery();
//Destructor
~aWinery();
//Accessor Prototypes
void getName(char name[]) const;
void getLocation(char location[]) const;
void getYear(int year) const;
void getAcres(float acres) const;
void getSuccessRating(float successRating) const;
//Mutator Prototypes
void setName(char name0[]);
void setLocation(char location0[]);
void setYear(int year0);
void setAcres(float acres0);
void setSuccessRating(float successRating0);

private:
char* name;
char* location;
int* year;
float* acres;
float* successRating;
};
#endif

列表头文件

#ifndef ALIST_H
#define ALIST_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int MAX_CHAR_LENGTH = 1000;
class list
{
public:
//Prototypes
void setInWinery(char name[], char location[], int year, float acres, float successRating);
void initializeDbase(char savePathName[]);
void printEntireDbase();
void deleteWinery(char nameOfWinery[]);
void whereIsWinery(char nameOfWinery[]);
void save(char savePathName[]);
//Accessor Prototypes
void getWineryName(char name[]) const;
void getWineryLocation(char location[]) const;
void getWineryYear(int year) const;
void getWineryAcres(float acres) const;
void getWinerySuccessRating(float successRating) const;
int getSize() const;
//Mutator Prototypes
void setWineryName(char name[]);
void setWineryLocation(char location[]);
void setWineryYear(int year);
void setWineryAcres(float acres);
void setWinerySuccessRating(float successRating);
//Constructor Prototype
list();
//Destructor
~list();
private:
//Wine object
struct node
{
aWinery wineryData;
node * nextByName;
node * nextByRating;
};
node * nameHead, * nameTail, * ratingHead, * ratingTail;
aWinery wineryData;
int size;
};
#endif

我认为你的大部分问题都在标题中,这里是:

private:  
char* name;
char* location;
int* year;
float* acres;
float* successRating;

实际上没有理由对这些成员变量中的任何一个使用指针;你还可以让它们都是普通的旧值成员,比如这样:

private:  
std::string name;
std::string location;
int year;
float acres;
float successRating;

注意,我用std::string替换了(char*)成员变量,因为在C++程序中,没有理由不使用正确的字符串对象。(如果你用C编写,使用动态分配的字符数组来保存字符串可能是一种必要的邪恶,但在C++中这只是受虐狂)

通过按值存储所有数据,您可以消除所有newdelete命令(以及随之而来的不可避免的错误和效率低下),并在必要时直接设置和获取值。

此外,此访问器功能错误:

void aWinery::getYear(int year) const
{
year = this->year;
}

它不起作用,因为在C++中,方法参数(默认情况下)是按值传递的(即,为该方法创建一个传入值的临时本地副本),所以上述方法所做的只是修改本地参数year,然后在函数返回时立即销毁。一个合适的访问器方法看起来更像这样:

int aWinery::getYear() const
{
return this->year;   // assuming year member variable is now of type int
}

类似地,setter方法应该是这样的:

void aWinery::setYear(int newYear)
{
this->year = newYear;   // assuming year member variable is now of type int
}