如何初始化和定义指向指针 2D 数组的指针

how to initialize and define pointer to pointer 2D array?

本文关键字：指针 2D 数组 初始化 定义      更新时间：2023-10-16

我对C程序很陌生。我有一个这样的函数：

void lfit( float x[], float y[], float sig[], int ndat, float a[], int ia[], int ma,float **covar, float *chisq, float (*funcs)(float, float [], int))
//Given a set of data points x[1..ndat], y[1..ndat] with individual standard deviations
//sig[1..ndat], use χ2 minimization to fit for some or all of the coefficients a[1..ma] of
//a function that depends linearly on a, y =i ai × afunci(x). The input array ia[1..ma]
//indicates by nonzero entries those components of a that should be fitted for, and by zero entries
//those components that should be held fixed at their input values. The program returns values
//for a[1..ma], χ2 = chisq, and the covariance matrix covar[1..ma][1..ma]. (Parameters
//held fixed will return zero covariances.)Th e user supplies a routine funcs(x,afunc,ma) that
//returns the ma basis functions evaluated at x = x in the array afunc[1..ma].
{
void gaussj(float **a, int n, float **b, int m);
int i,j,k,l,m,mfit=0;
float ym,wt,sum,sig2i,**beta, *afunc;

afunc=vector(1,ma);
beta=matrix(1,ma,1,1);
for (j=1;j<=ma;j++)
    if (ia[j]) 
        mfit++;
if (mfit == 0) 
    nrerror("lfit: no parameters to be fitted");
for (j=1;j<=mfit;j++) {                       //Initialize the (symmetric)matrix.
    for (k=1;k<=mfit;k++) 
        covar[j][k]=0.0;
    beta[j][1]=0.0;
}
for (i=0;i<ndat;i++) {                       //Loop over data to accumulate coefficients of the normal equations.
(*funcs)(x[i], afunc ,ma);
ym=y[i];
if (mfit < ma) {                              //Subtract off dependences on known pieces of the fitting function.
    for (j=1;j<=ma;j++)                
        if (!ia[j]) 
            ym -= a[j]*afunc[j];
}

sig2i=1.0/SQR(sig[i]);
for (j=0,k=0,l=1;l<=ma;l++) {
    if (ia[l]) {
        wt=afunc[l]*sig2i;
        for (j++,k=0,m=1;m<=ma;m++)
            if (ia[m]) 
                covar[j][++k] += wt*afunc[m];
        beta[j][1] += ym*wt;
    }
}

for (j=2;j<=mfit;j++)                    //Fill in above the diagonal from symmetry.
    for (k=1;k<j;k++)
        covar[k][j]=covar[j][k];
gaussj(covar,mfit,beta,1);              //Matrix solution.
for (j=0,l=1;l<=ma;l++) 
    if (ia[l]) 
        a[l]=beta[++j][1];              //Partition solution to appropriate coefficients a Evaluate χ2 of the fit.
*chisq=0.0;
for (i=1;i<=ndat;i++) { 
        (*funcs)(x[i], afunc,ma);
        for (sum=0.0,j=1;j<=ma;j++) 
            sum += a[j]*afunc[j];
*chisq += SQR((y[i]-sum)/sig[i]);
}
//covsrt(covar,ma,ia,mfit);              //Sort covariance matrix to true order of fitting coefficients.
free_vector(afunc,1,ma); 
free_matrix(beta,1,ma,1,1);
}
}

在我想调用这个函数int main()部分，我遇到了一些问题。 我正在编写的主要部分是这样的，例如：

int main()
{
float x1[]={100.000000f,88.00000f,76.199997f,68.599998f,54.500000f,37.599998f,26.500000f,17.000000f,8.300000f,0.900000f,-7.200000f,-17.000000f,-24.900000f,-33.799999f,-42.500000f,-51.000000f,-60.500000f,-69.500000f,-75.300003f,-83.099998f,-94.099998f,-103.000000f,-110.099998f};
float y1[]={-2.876821f,-2.788704f,-2.596228f,-2.468143f,-1.898085f,-1.296223f,-0.664981f,-0.245603f,-0.280993f,-0.094657f,-0.184912f,-0.263328f,-0.181819f,-0.132037f,-0.029368f,0.134307f,0.257734f,0.305223f,0.091159f,0.063768f,-0.163334f,-0.136314f,-0.372106f};
float sig1[]={1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1};
float a1[]={1.8f,1.6f,1.7f,1.3f};
int ia1[]={2,3,4,2}; 
int ma=4, ndat=23 ;
float chisq1, **covar;

lfit(x1,y1,sig1,ndat,a1,ia1,ma,covar,&chisq1, &funcs);

return 0;
}

我总是得到的错误是这样的：Run-Time Check Failure #3 - The variable 'covar' is being used without being initialized.我尝试了不同的方法来初始化它，但没有一种有效。

你的想法是什么？我该如何解决这个问题？

我真的很感激任何帮助！

第一件事：你的数组索引必须从零开始，所以 for 循环是for(i=0; i < max; i++)

获取 2D 阵列的简单方法是：

float covar[4][4]; // Or whatever size is correct for you

如果您需要 malloc，您可以这样做：

float ** Malloc2DFloat(int x, int y)
{
    float **MainArray = (float**)malloc(sizeof(float*) * x);
    int i;
    for (i=0; i < x; i++)
        MainArray[i] = (float*)malloc(sizeof(float) * y);
    return MainArray;
}
float **covar = Malloc2DFloat(4,4);

你需要在main中执行此操作，或者将指向该函数的指针传递给您的函数并将其malloc到其中：

func(float ***covar)
{
    *covar = Malloc2DFloat(mfit, mfit); // Allocate like this
    (*covar)[0][0] = 3.41f; // Reference it like this
}

在填满内存之前，您必须为covar分配内存。 您可以将内存分配给lfit函数。要做：

您必须在函数lfit中更新输入covar 

void lfit( float x[], float y[], float sig[], int ndat, float a[], int ia[], int ma,float ***covar, float *chisq, float (*funcs)(float, float [], int))

然后当你初始化矩阵时，你必须以这种方式完成

*covar = calloc(mfit,sizeof(float *));   
for (j=1;j<=mfit;j++) {   //Initialize the (symmetric)matrix.
    (*covar)[j] = calloc(mfit,sizeof(float)); //calloc will initialize the matrix to 0
    beta[j][1]=0.0;
}

而不是旧的方式

for (j=1;j<=mfit;j++) {                       //Initialize the (symmetric)matrix.
    for (k=1;k<=mfit;k++) 
        covar[j][k]=0.0;
    beta[j][1]=0.0;
}

以及在lfit函数中访问covar数据：

float x=(*covar)[j][k];
(*covar)[j][k]=5.2;

所以例如这条线 

covar[j][++k] += wt*afunc[m];

应更新为 

(*covar)[j][++k] += wt*afunc[m];

以及当您调用函数时lfit 

lfit(x1,y1,sig1,ndat,a1,ia1,ma,&covar,&chisq1, &funcs);
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