确定strftime字符数组最大大小的智能方法是什么?

What is an intelligent way to determine max size of a strftime char array?

本文关键字：智能 方法 是什么 字符 数组 确定 strftime      更新时间：2023-10-16

如何在没有试验和错误的情况下为strftime调整字符数组的大小?使用mktime，示例中的时间戳大小N必须大于86，否则我会得到任意日期。例如

N = 86: 2013-07-13 02:41

N = 82: 1979-05-18 13:23

如何在不事先知道日期的情况下有效地缩放N ?检查>0没有帮助。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#define N 86
using namespace std;
int main(void)
{
time_t t;
struct tm ts;
char timestamp[N] ;
ts.tm_min    = 41;     
ts.tm_hour   = 2;     
ts.tm_mday   = 13;
ts.tm_mon    = 7 - 1;      
ts.tm_year   = 13 - 1900 + 2000;         
t = mktime(&ts);
if (strftime(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp)-1, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &ts) > 0)
    cout << timestamp;
else {
    cerr << "strftime failed." <<endl;
    return 1;
}
return 0;
}

来自strftime的文档:

如果生成的C字符串的长度(包括终止的空字符)不超过maxsize，则该函数返回复制到ptr的字符总数(不包括终止的空字符)。否则，它返回0，并且ptr所指向的数组的内容是不确定的。

这意味着如果你不知道字符串的大小，可以动态地分配字符串，你可以这样做:

int size = N; //  Some starting size
char *timestamp = malloc(size);
//  Your time stuff
int result = strftime(timestamp, size - 1, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &ts);
// While there isn't enough room to store the result
while (result == 0)
{
  free(timestamp);  //  Free old data
  size *= 2;        //  Double the size (should be more than enough)
  timestamp = malloc(size); //  Allocate the new size. You can check for failed allocations here as well.
  //  Retry
  result = strftime(timestamp, size - 1, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &ts);
}
std::cout << timestamp;

由于您将其标记为c++，也许您可以考虑以下内容:

-->注意这里没有字符串大小的问题。

// function to create a timestamp style string 
std::string   yyDmmDdd_hhCmmGet(time_t tt)
{
   std::stringstream ss;
   // goal - something like:  "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
   {
      struct tm mybdtod; // linux api: my broken down time of day
      // the following is a relatively slow function
      ::localtime_r (&tt, &mybdtod);
      // linux api - convert time_t to tm as local time
      ss << std::setw(4) << (mybdtod.tm_year+1900) 
         << "-"
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << mybdtod.tm_mon+1 
         << "-"
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) <<  mybdtod.tm_mday   
         << " ";
      ss << std::dec << std::setfill('0')  << std::setw(2) 
         << mybdtod.tm_hour 
         << ":"
         << std::setfill('0')  << std::setw(2) 
         << mybdtod.tm_min;
   }
   return(ss.str());
}

int t186(void)
{
   struct tm ts; // linux api: time struct
   ::memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(tm));
   ts.tm_min    = 41;
   ts.tm_hour   = 3-1;
   ts.tm_mday   = 13;
   ts.tm_mon    = 7 - 1;
   ts.tm_year   = 13 - 1900 + 2000;
   time_t tt = mktime(&ts); // linux api: Convert tm struct to time_t
   // format time_t to string
   std::string s = yyDmmDdd_hhCmmGet(tt); // timestamp style
   std::cout << "n" << s 
             << "n            s.size(): " 
             << s.size() << " chars" << std::endl;
   // now we know how many chars timestamp needs 
   // add 1 to size because ?strftime seems to need it?
   char timestamp[s.size()+1];  
   (void)strftime(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &ts);
   // linux api: format time_t to string
   std::cout << "n" << timestamp << std::endl;
   std::cout << "   sizeof(timestamp): " 
             << sizeof(timestamp) << " chars" << std::endl;
   return(0);
 }
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