C++启动一个脚本(bash,python..)并使用stdin/stdout进行datatransfare [linu

C++ start a script ( bash, python ... ) and using stdin/stdout for datatransfare [linux]

本文关键字:stdin stdout 进行 datatransfare linu python 启动 一个 脚本 C++ bash      更新时间:2023-10-16

我想从我的C++代码调用python脚本。python脚本看起来像:

    hello.py
    #!/usr/bin/python
    import sys
    print "Hello!"
    Readin = sys.stdin.read()
    print Readin

C++代码来自堆栈溢出的另一个问题。它应该如何工作:

  • 创建一对管道。

  • 使用 fork() 创建子进程。

  • 孩子正在弯曲其管道到stdin/stdout。关闭另一端并启动脚本。

  • 父亲正在听管道read(),接收输入。在它之后,发送消息write()

当进入switch (readResult = read(childToPa...时,程序不会从父亲的行返回。

我也不知道这个写作部分是否在做它的工作。这样做是一个有前途的想法,还是有其他工作的可能性?感谢!

它看起来像:

// maybe not all includes are necessary
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h> // mkdir
#include <stdlib.h>     // system()
#include <unistd.h> // rmdir
#include <cstring> // memset
// wait:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
  char target[] = "./hello.py";
  enum PIPE_FILE_DESCRIPTERS {
    READ_FD = 0, WRITE_FD = 1
  };
  enum CONSTANTS {
    BUFFER_SIZE = 100
  };
  int parentToChild[2];
  int childToParent[2];
  pid_t pid;
  string dataReadFromChild;
  char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE + 1];
  memset(buffer,0x00,BUFFER_SIZE + 1);
  ssize_t readResult;
  int status;
  int retPipe1 =  pipe(parentToChild);
  int retPipe2 =  pipe(childToParent);
  switch (pid = fork()) {
  case -1:
    printf("Fork failed");
    exit(-1);
  case 0: /* Child will start scripts*/ 
  {
    // Bending stdin/out to the pipes?
    int retdup21 = dup2(parentToChild[READ_FD], STDIN_FILENO);
    int retdup22 = dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDOUT_FILENO);
    int retdup23 = dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDERR_FILENO);
    // Close in this Process the other sides of the pipe
    int retclose1 = close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);
    int retclose2 = close(childToParent[READ_FD]);
    int retexe = execlp( target ," ");              // warning not enough variable arguments to fit a sentinel [-Wformat=]
    printf("This line should never be reached!!!"); // why? what happens if execlp finishes?
    exit(-1);
    break;  // to make the compiler happy =)
  }
  default: /* Parent */
    cout << "Child " << pid << " process running..." << endl;
    // close the other ends of the pipe from the other process.
    int retdup21 = close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);
    int retdup22 = close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);
    // readtry
    while (true) {
      switch (readResult = read(childToParent[READ_FD], buffer, 1)) // execution does not return from this function.
      {
      case 0: /* End-of-File, or non-blocking read. */
      {
        cout << "End of file reached..." << endl << "Data received was (" << dataReadFromChild.size() << "):" << endl
            << dataReadFromChild << endl;
        cout << "starting writing" << endl;
        char bufferW[] = "{"AElement":"Something"}";

               int writeResult = write(parentToChild[WRITE_FD],bufferW,sizeof(bufferW));
               int saveerrno = errno;
               if( -1 == writeResult)
               {
                 cout << "errno while writing: " << errno << std::endl;
                 if ( 9 == saveerrno )
                   cout << "Errno Bad File descriptor" << endl;
               }
               cout << "Write Result: " << writeResult << std::endl;
        int retWait = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
        cout << endl << "Child exit staus is:  " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl << endl;
        exit(0);
      }
      case -1:
      {
        if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN)) {
          errno = 0;
          break;
        } else {
          printf("read() failed");
          exit(-1);
        }
      }
      default:
        dataReadFromChild.append(buffer, readResult);
        printf("%s",buffer);
        memset(buffer,0x00,BUFFER_SIZE + 1);
        break;
      }
    } /* while ( true ) */
  } /* switch ( pid = fork() )*/
}

您的问题是缓冲输出、未关闭的文件描述符以及使用 EOF 发出传输部分结束的信号。前两个问题可以解决,但最后一个问题需要不同的方法。稍后会详细介绍。

循序渐进:

Python

正在使用缓冲 I/O,因此您可能希望在第一个 print 语句后添加行sys.stdout.flush()来强制 Python 刷新输出。现在"Hello!n"是逐个字符阅读的。

但接下来的read块,直到新角色到达或管道关闭。Python脚本的STDOUT仍然打开,C++程序正在等待一些东西到达,但Python脚本本身也在等待一些输入。经典的僵局。

您可能会丢弃 python 脚本中的最后一次打印并尝试关闭其 STDOUT。由于read块直到引用管道写入端的所有文件描述符都关闭,因此您必须在flush之后添加os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())

但是仍然有有效的文件描述符引用该管道的写入部分。还记得C++源中的dup2吗?在这三行dup2之后,仍然有parentToChild[READ_FD]childToParent[WRITE_FD]引用脚本STDIN和STDOUT。所以我们必须关闭它们。在dup2后立即添加close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);。现在read当 Python 脚本关闭 STDOUT 和 STDERR 时返回0

接下来,父级发送"{"AElement":"Something"}"并到达waitpid当子级退出时返回。但是孩子仍然在阅读STDIN。所以你必须在waitpid之前添加close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);.


现在是概念部分:在它返回0(管道关闭(之前,您无法read(),然后继续从该关闭的管道读取。您的选择:

  • 读取一次,直到管道关闭。没有第二条消息。
  • 知道要读多少。提前或通过解释收到的字节。
  • 监控两个管道,例如使用 poll(2( 并动态决定是要读取还是写入。

顺便说一句:execlp的参数是const char *file, const char *arg, ...的,其中arg, ...是通常的char *args[],以arg[0](!(开头并以空指针结尾。请将该行更改为int retexe = execlp(target, target, (char*) NULL);


#!/usr/bin/python2.7
import os
import sys
print "Hello!"
sys.stdout.flush()
os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())
os.close(sys.stderr.fileno())
data = sys.stdin.read()
with open("data_received_by_child.txt", "w") as fp:
    print >>fp, data

#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    const char *target = "./hello.py";
    enum PIPE_FILE_DESCRIPTERS {
        READ_FD = 0, WRITE_FD = 1
    };
    /* Make pipes */
    int parentToChild[2]; /* Parent to child pipe */
    if (pipe(parentToChild) < 0)
    {
        perror("Can't make pipe");
        exit(1);
    }
    int childToParent[2]; /* Child to parent pipe */
    if (pipe(childToParent) < 0)
    {
        perror("Can't make pipe");
        exit(1);
    }
    /* Create a child to run command. */
    pid_t pid = fork();
    switch (pid)
    {
        case -1:
            perror("Can't fork");
            exit(1);
        case 0: /* Child */
            close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);
            close(childToParent[READ_FD]);
            dup2(parentToChild[READ_FD], STDIN_FILENO);
            dup2(childToParent[WRITE_FD], STDOUT_FILENO);
            close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);
            close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);
            execlp(target, target, (char *) NULL);
            perror("Can't execute target");
            exit(1);
        default: /* Parent */
            close(parentToChild[READ_FD]);
            close(childToParent[WRITE_FD]);
            cout << "Child " << pid << " process running..." << endl;
    }
    /* Read data from child */
    string dataReadFromChild;
    char ch;
    int rc;
    while ((rc = read(childToParent[READ_FD], &ch, 1)) != 0)
    {
        if (rc == -1) {
            if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN)) {
                continue;
            }
            perror("read() failed");
            exit(-1);
        }
        dataReadFromChild += ch;
    }
    close(childToParent[READ_FD]);
    cout << "End of file reached..." << endl;
    cout << "Data received was (" << dataReadFromChild.size() << "):" << endl;
    cout << dataReadFromChild << endl;
    /* Write data to child */
    cout << "starting writing" << endl;
    const char bufferW[] = "{"AElement":"Something"}";
    while (true) {
        int rc = write(parentToChild[WRITE_FD], bufferW, sizeof(bufferW));
        if (rc == -1) {
            if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN)) {
                continue;
            }
            perror("write() failed");
            exit(-1);
        }
        break;
    }
    close(parentToChild[WRITE_FD]);
    /* Wait for child to exit */
    int status;
    int retWait = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
    cout << endl << "Child exit status is:  " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl << endl;
}