从基类实例调用派生类方法

Call derived class method from base class instance

本文关键字:派生 类方法 调用 实例 基类      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在尝试使用多态性,从基类实例调用派生的"add"方法。

但它仍然希望运行基类RealThing"add"方法。

我期待派生类RealThingNextVersion"add"方法。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class VirtualObject
{
public:
    virtual void load() {
        cout << "Nothing to load." << endl;
    }
    void import(string file) {
        //here some importing stuff
    }
};
class RealThing :public VirtualObject
{
private:
    string file;
protected:
    int id;
public:
    RealThing(string fileName = "data.txt") { file = fileName; }
    void load() {
        this->import(this->file);
        cout << "Thing data loaded." << endl;
    }
    virtual void add(int id) {
        cout << "Added V1: " << id << endl;
    };
};
class RealThingNextVersion : public RealThing
{
public:
    string desc;
public:
    virtual void add(int id, string desc) {
        cout << "Added V2: " << id << " with description " << desc <<  endl;
    };
};

int main() {
    RealThing rt;
    RealThingNextVersion rtv;
    RealThing* r;
    r = &rt;
    r->load(); // OK., returns: Thing data loaded.
    r->add(11); // OK., returns: Added V1: ...
    r = &rtv;
    r->add(22, "info"); // Here "Error: too many arguments in function call" 
    // it still want's to run RealThing "add",
    // and I was expecting RealThingNextVersion "add"

    system("pause");
}

RealThingNextVersion 中的 addRealThing 中的调用签名(不同的参数)不同,因此它是一个不同的函数,而不是 add 的覆盖。 如果在函数声明中添加 override 关键字

virtual void add(int id, string desc) override;

使用最近的编译器,编译器会告诉您您没有覆盖任何内容。