是否可以在编译时评估数组

Is it possible to evaluate array on compilation time?

本文关键字:评估 数组 编译 是否      更新时间:2023-10-16

我需要存储前N个斐波那契数的数组。

const int N = 100;
long long int fib[N] = {0};
fib[0] = 1;
fib[1] = 1;
for(int i = 2; i < N; ++i)
    fib[i] = fib[i-2] + fib[i-1];
return 0;

是否可以制作 fib[] constexpr,并在编译时以某种方式对其进行评估?

首先,您必须在编译时版本中编写斐波那契算法,因此请考虑以下几点:

template <size_t N>
struct Fibo {
    static constexpr const size_t value {Fibo<N-2>::value + Fibo<N-1>::value};
};
template <>
struct Fibo<0> {
    static constexpr const size_t value {1};
};
template <>
struct Fibo<1> {
    static constexpr const size_t value {1};
};

你可以简单地使用它:

std::cout << Fibo<0>::value << std::endl;
std::cout << Fibo<1>::value << std::endl;
std::cout << Fibo<2>::value << std::endl;
std::cout << Fibo<3>::value << std::endl;
std::cout << Fibo<10>::value << std::endl;
std::cout << Fibo<50>::value << std::endl;

输出值为:

1
1
2
3
89
20365011074

但这仍然不是你要找的。

我不知道你是否可以制作 constexpr 数组(但可能有可能(,但你可以做得稍微不同。考虑:

template <size_t N>
struct Storage {
    static size_t data[N+1];
};
template <size_t N> size_t Storage<N>::data[N+1] {};
template <size_t N, size_t F>
struct Filler {
    static constexpr void fill () {
        Storage<N>::data[F] = Fibo<F>::value;
        Filler<N, F-1>::fill ();
    }
};
template <size_t N>
struct Filler<N, 0> {
    static constexpr void fill () { 
        Storage<N>::data[0] = Fibo<0>::value;
    }
};
template <size_t N>
struct Calc {
    static constexpr void calc () {        
        Filler<N, N>::fill ();
    }
};

用法是这样的:

constexpr const size_t N = 12;
Calc<N>::calc ();
size_t* ptr = Storage<N>::data;
for (int i = 0; i <= N; ++i) {
    std::cout << ptr[i] << std::endl;
}

和输出:

1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
89
144
233

这里重要的是 Storage 类,它存储了具有适当数量的元素的数组。

常规Filler类(具有两个模板参数(用于可以传递的任何F值,值 0 除外。因为如果我们达到 0 索引,我们不想再次调用 fill() 成员函数,因为我们已经完成了。所以这就是Filler类存在部分专业化的原因。

希望我能对此有所帮助。

有一种方法(丑陋的(,但我想不出别的了。

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
constexpr unsigned long long f(int x)
{
    return 1/sqrt(5)*pow(((1+sqrt(5))/2),x) - 1/sqrt(5)*pow(((1-sqrt(5))/2),x);
}
#define FIBB1(x)  1
#define FIBB2(x)  FIBB1(x-1),1
#define FIBB3(x)  FIBB2(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB4(x)  FIBB3(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB5(x)  FIBB4(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB6(x)  FIBB5(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB7(x)  FIBB6(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB8(x)  FIBB7(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB9(x)  FIBB8(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB10(x) FIBB9(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB11(x) FIBB10(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB12(x) FIBB11(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB13(x) FIBB12(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB14(x) FIBB13(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB15(x) FIBB14(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB16(x) FIBB15(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB17(x) FIBB16(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB18(x) FIBB17(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB19(x) FIBB18(x-1),f(x)
#define FIBB20(x) FIBB19(x-1),f(x)
// ...
#define FIBB93(x) FIBB92(x-1),f(x)
//#define FIBB94(x) FIBB93(x-1),f(x) //unsigned long long overflow, can't calculate more
#define FIBB(x) {FIBB##x(x)}
constexpr unsigned long long fib[93] = FIBB(93);
int main()
{
    // all possible fibbonacci numbers for unsigned long long implementation
    for(int i=0; i<93; ++i)
        std::cout << fib[i] << std::endl;
}

我认为这是内置数组C++的唯一方法。

这是一个 C++14 解决方案(GCC>= 5.0.0,Clang>= 3.5.0(,使用模板参数表示长度。你在 constexpr 函数中编写了一个命令式循环(与你的原始帖子相同(。使用反汇编器,您可以看到序列作为原始数据嵌入到程序中,即使没有优化(-O0(。

#include <array>
#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
namespace {
// Create an std::array from a C array (internal) via an
// std::index_sequence.
template <typename T, typename TSequence> struct MakeArrayImpl;
template <typename T, std::size_t... TIndices>
struct MakeArrayImpl<T, std::index_sequence<TIndices...>> {
  static constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(TIndices)>
  make_array(T values[sizeof...(TIndices)]) {
    return std::array<T, sizeof...(TIndices)>{{values[TIndices]...}};
  }
};
// Create an std::array from a C array.
template <typename T, std::size_t TLength>
constexpr std::array<T, TLength> make_array(T values[TLength]) {
  return MakeArrayImpl<T, std::make_index_sequence<TLength>>::make_array(
      values);
}
// Return an std::array of the first numbers in the Fibonacci sequence.
template <std::size_t TLength>
constexpr std::array<long long int, TLength> fibs() {
  // Original algorithm.
  long long int fib[TLength] = {0};
  fib[0] = 1;
  fib[1] = 1;
  for (std::size_t i = 2; i < TLength; ++i) {
    fib[i] = fib[i - 2] + fib[i - 1];
  }
  return make_array<long long int, TLength>(fib);
}
}
int main() {
  // Original algorithm.
  const int N = 92;
  long long int fib[N] = {0};
  fib[0] = 1;
  fib[1] = 1;
  for (int i = 2; i < N; ++i)
    fib[i] = fib[i - 2] + fib[i - 1];
  // Test constexpr algorithm against original algorithm.
  static constexpr auto values = fibs<N>();
  static_assert(values.size() == N, "Expected N values in Fibs");
  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    if (fib[i] != values[i]) {
      std::cerr << "Mismatch at index " << i << "n";
      std::cerr << "Expected: " << fib[i] << "n";
      std::cerr << "Actual  : " << values[i] << "n";
    }
  }
}
  1. 在您发布的代码示例中,如果使用-O3优化,编译器很有可能自行展开循环或至少部分循环。在 godbolt 上玩弄,这似乎不会发生在 N=100 N,而是在 40 岁左右发生。在这种情况下,它确实发生在编译时,无论它是否constexpr.

  2. 这也指出 - 在许多机器上,long long int不够大,无法容纳第100个斐波那契数。斐波那契数呈指数级增长,您应该期望第 100 个数字需要大约 100 位左右。在典型计算机上,由于整数溢出,编写的代码将表现出未定义的行为。

使用模板,您可以像这样操作:

// Fibonacci recurrence
template <long int n> 
struct fib_pair {
  typedef fib_pair<n-1> prev;
  static constexpr long int fib_n = prev::fib_n_plus_one;
  static constexpr long int fib_n_plus_one = prev::fib_n + prev::fib_n_plus_one;
};
template <>
struct fib_pair<0> {
  static constexpr long int fib_n = 0;
  static constexpr long int fib_n_plus_one = 1;
};
// List structure
template <long int ... > struct list {};
// Concat metafunction
template <typename A, typename B> struct concat;
template <long int... As, long int... Bs> struct concat<list<As...>, list<Bs...>> {
  typedef list<As..., Bs...> type;
};
// Get a sequence from the fib_pairs
template <long int n>
struct fib_seq {
  typedef typename fib_seq<n-1>::type prev;
  typedef typename concat<prev, list<fib_pair<n>::fib_n>>::type type;
};
template <>
struct fib_seq<0> {
  typedef list<0> type;
};

// Make an array from pack expansion
#include <array>
template <typename T> struct helper;
template <long int ... nums>
struct helper <list<nums...>> {
  typedef std::array<const long int, sizeof...(nums)> array_type;
  static constexpr array_type get_array() {
    return {{ nums... }};
  }
};
// Easy access
template <long int n>
constexpr std::array<const long int, n + 1> get_fib_array() {
  return helper<typename fib_seq<n>::type>::get_array();
}
#include <iostream>
int main () {
  for (const long int x : get_fib_array<15>()) {
    std::cout << x << std::endl;
  }
}
这是一个使用 C++

14 库功能 [1](GCC>= 4.9.0,Clang>= 3.5.0(的 C++11 解决方案,使用模板参数表示长度。使用递归编写循环。使用反汇编器,您可以看到序列作为原始数据嵌入到程序中,即使没有优化(-O0(。

[1] std::index_sequence可以在 C++11 中自行实现,前提是标准库中没有。

#include <array>
#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
namespace {
// Create an std::array from a C array (internal) via an
// std::index_sequence.
template <typename T, typename TSequence> struct MakeArrayImpl;
template <typename T, std::size_t... TIndices>
struct MakeArrayImpl<T, std::index_sequence<TIndices...>> {
  static constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(TIndices)>
  make_array(T values[sizeof...(TIndices)]) {
    return std::array<T, sizeof...(TIndices)>{{values[TIndices]...}};
  }
};
// Create an std::array from a C array.
template <typename T, std::size_t TLength>
constexpr std::array<T, TLength> make_array(T values[TLength]) {
  return MakeArrayImpl<T, std::make_index_sequence<TLength>>::make_array(
      values);
}
// Return an std::array of the first numbers in the Fibonacci sequence.
template <std::size_t TLength>
constexpr std::array<long long int, TLength> fibs() {
  // Original algorithm.
  long long int fib[TLength] = {0};
  fib[0] = 1;
  fib[1] = 1;
  for (std::size_t i = 2; i < TLength; ++i) {
    fib[i] = fib[i - 2] + fib[i - 1];
  }
  return make_array<long long int, TLength>(fib);
}
}
int main() {
  // Original algorithm.
  const int N = 92;
  long long int fib[N] = {0};
  fib[0] = 1;
  fib[1] = 1;
  for (int i = 2; i < N; ++i)
    fib[i] = fib[i - 2] + fib[i - 1];
  // Test constexpr algorithm against original algorithm.
  static constexpr auto values = fibs<N>();
  static_assert(values.size() == N, "Expected N values in Fibs");
  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    if (fib[i] != values[i]) {
      std::cerr << "Mismatch at index " << i << "n";
      std::cerr << "Expected: " << fib[i] << "n";
      std::cerr << "Actual  : " << values[i] << "n";
    }
  }
}