如何以跨平台的方式获得(几乎)唯一的系统标识符

How to obtain (almost) unique system identifier in a cross platform way?

本文关键字:几乎 唯一 标识符 系统 跨平台 方式获      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在寻找一种方法来获得一个数字,当在不同的机器上运行代码时几乎肯定会改变,并且几乎肯定在同一台机器上两次运行之间保持相同。

如果我在Linux中使用shell脚本,我会这样做:

{ uname -n ; cat /proc/meminfo | head -n1 ; cat /proc/cpuinfo ; } | md5sum

但我需要这在c++(与boost),至少在Windows, Linux和Mac。

要生成唯一的机器id,可以从系统上的不同硬件中获取一些序列号。大多数处理器都有一个CPU序列号,每个硬盘都有一个编号,每个网卡都有一个唯一的MAC地址。

你可以得到这些并为机器建立指纹。在将其声明为新机器之前,您可能希望允许更改其中的一些数字。(例如,如果三个中的两个是相同的,那么机器是相同的)。因此,您可以通过升级组件来优雅地处理问题。

我从我的一个项目中剪切了一些代码,这些代码得到了这些数字。

Windows:

#include "machine_id.h"   
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN        
#include <windows.h>      
#include <intrin.h>       
#include <iphlpapi.h>     
#ifndef _MSC_VER
#include <cpuid.h>
#else
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
// we just need this for purposes of unique machine id. So any one or two mac's is       
// fine. 
u16 hashMacAddress( PIP_ADAPTER_INFO info )          
{        
   u16 hash = 0;          
   for ( u32 i = 0; i < info->AddressLength; i++ )   
   {     
      hash += ( info->Address[i] << (( i & 1 ) * 8 ));        
   }     
   return hash;           
}        
void getMacHash( u16& mac1, u16& mac2 )              
{        
   IP_ADAPTER_INFO AdapterInfo[32];                  
   DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof( AdapterInfo );           
   DWORD dwStatus = GetAdaptersInfo( AdapterInfo, &dwBufLen );                  
   if ( dwStatus != ERROR_SUCCESS )                  
      return; // no adapters.      
   PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = AdapterInfo;      
   mac1 = hashMacAddress( pAdapterInfo );            
   if ( pAdapterInfo->Next )       
      mac2 = hashMacAddress( pAdapterInfo->Next );   
   // sort the mac addresses. We don't want to invalidate     
   // both macs if they just change order.           
   if ( mac1 > mac2 )     
   {     
      u16 tmp = mac2;     
      mac2 = mac1;        
      mac1 = tmp;         
   }     
}        
u16 getVolumeHash()       
{        
   DWORD serialNum = 0;   
   // Determine if this volume uses an NTFS file system.      
   GetVolumeInformation( "c:\", NULL, 0, &serialNum, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 );    
   u16 hash = (u16)(( serialNum + ( serialNum >> 16 )) & 0xFFFF );              
   return hash;           
}        
u16 getCpuHash()          
{        
   int cpuinfo[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };                  
   __cpuid( cpuinfo, 0 );          
   u16 hash = 0;          
   u16* ptr = (u16*)(&cpuinfo[0]); 
   for ( u32 i = 0; i < 8; i++ )   
      hash += ptr[i];     
   return hash;           
}        
const char* getMachineName()       
{        
   static char computerName[1024]; 
   DWORD size = 1024;     
   GetComputerName( computerName, &size );           
   return &(computerName[0]);      
}

Linux and OsX:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>          
#include <errno.h>           
#include <sys/types.h>       
#include <sys/socket.h>      
#include <sys/ioctl.h>  
#include <sys/resource.h>    
#include <sys/utsname.h>       
#include <netdb.h>           
#include <netinet/in.h>      
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>                 
#include <netinet/ip.h>      
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 
#include <assert.h>
#ifdef DARWIN                    
#include <net/if_dl.h>       
#include <ifaddrs.h>         
#include <net/if_types.h>    
#else //!DARWIN              
// #include <linux/if.h>        
// #include <linux/sockios.h>   
#endif //!DARWIN               
const char* getMachineName() 
{ 
   static struct utsname u;  
   if ( uname( &u ) < 0 )    
   {       
      assert(0);             
      return "unknown";      
   }       
   return u.nodename;        
}   

//---------------------------------get MAC addresses ------------------------------------unsigned short-unsigned short----------        
// we just need this for purposes of unique machine id. So any one or two mac's is fine.            
unsigned short hashMacAddress( unsigned char* mac )                 
{ 
   unsigned short hash = 0;             
   for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < 6; i++ )              
   {       
      hash += ( mac[i] << (( i & 1 ) * 8 ));           
   }       
   return hash;              
} 
void getMacHash( unsigned short& mac1, unsigned short& mac2 )       
{ 
   mac1 = 0;                 
   mac2 = 0;                 
#ifdef DARWIN                
   struct ifaddrs* ifaphead; 
   if ( getifaddrs( &ifaphead ) != 0 )        
      return;                
   // iterate over the net interfaces         
   bool foundMac1 = false;   
   struct ifaddrs* ifap;     
   for ( ifap = ifaphead; ifap; ifap = ifap->ifa_next )                  
   {       
      struct sockaddr_dl* sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl*)ifap->ifa_addr;     
      if ( sdl && ( sdl->sdl_family == AF_LINK ) && ( sdl->sdl_type == IFT_ETHER ))                 
      {    
          if ( !foundMac1 )  
          {                  
             foundMac1 = true;                
             mac1 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)(LLADDR(sdl))); //sdl->sdl_data) + sdl->sdl_nlen) );       
          } else {           
             mac2 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)(LLADDR(sdl))); //sdl->sdl_data) + sdl->sdl_nlen) );       
             break;          
          }                  
      }    
   }       
   freeifaddrs( ifaphead );  
#else // !DARWIN             
   int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP );                  
   if ( sock < 0 ) return;   
   // enumerate all IP addresses of the system         
   struct ifconf conf;       
   char ifconfbuf[ 128 * sizeof(struct ifreq)  ];      
   memset( ifconfbuf, 0, sizeof( ifconfbuf ));         
   conf.ifc_buf = ifconfbuf; 
   conf.ifc_len = sizeof( ifconfbuf );        
   if ( ioctl( sock, SIOCGIFCONF, &conf ))    
   {       
      assert(0);             
      return;                
   }       
   // get MAC address        
   bool foundMac1 = false;   
   struct ifreq* ifr;        
   for ( ifr = conf.ifc_req; (char*)ifr < (char*)conf.ifc_req + conf.ifc_len; ifr++ ) 
   {       
      if ( ifr->ifr_addr.sa_data == (ifr+1)->ifr_addr.sa_data )          
         continue;  // duplicate, skip it     
      if ( ioctl( sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, ifr ))           
         continue;  // failed to get flags, skip it    
      if ( ioctl( sock, SIOCGIFHWADDR, ifr ) == 0 )    
      {    
         if ( !foundMac1 )   
         { 
            foundMac1 = true;                 
            mac1 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)&(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_data));       
         } else {            
            mac2 = hashMacAddress( (unsigned char*)&(ifr->ifr_addr.sa_data));       
            break;           
         } 
      }    
   }       
   close( sock );            
#endif // !DARWIN            
   // sort the mac addresses. We don't want to invalidate                
   // both macs if they just change order.    
   if ( mac1 > mac2 )        
   {       
      unsigned short tmp = mac2;        
      mac2 = mac1;           
      mac1 = tmp;            
   }       
} 
unsigned short getVolumeHash()          
{ 
   // we don't have a 'volume serial number' like on windows. Lets hash the system name instead.    
   unsigned char* sysname = (unsigned char*)getMachineName();       
   unsigned short hash = 0;             
   for ( unsigned int i = 0; sysname[i]; i++ )         
      hash += ( sysname[i] << (( i & 1 ) * 8 ));       
   return hash;              
} 
#ifdef DARWIN                
 #include <mach-o/arch.h>    
 unsigned short getCpuHash()            
 {         
     const NXArchInfo* info = NXGetLocalArchInfo();    
     unsigned short val = 0;            
     val += (unsigned short)info->cputype;               
     val += (unsigned short)info->cpusubtype;            
     return val;             
 }         
#else // !DARWIN             
 static void getCpuid( unsigned int* p, unsigned int ax )       
 {         
    __asm __volatile         
    (   "movl %%ebx, %%esint"               
        "cpuidnt"          
        "xchgl %%ebx, %%esi" 
        : "=a" (p[0]), "=S" (p[1]),           
          "=c" (p[2]), "=d" (p[3])            
        : "0" (ax)           
    );     
 }         
 unsigned short getCpuHash()            
 {         
    unsigned int cpuinfo[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };          
    getCpuid( cpuinfo, 0 );  
    unsigned short hash = 0;            
    unsigned int* ptr = (&cpuinfo[0]);                 
    for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )             
       hash += (ptr[i] & 0xFFFF) + ( ptr[i] >> 16 );   
    return hash;             
 }         
#endif // !DARWIN            
int main()
{
  printf("Machine: %sn", getMachineName());
  printf("CPU: %dn", getCpuHash());
  printf("Volume: %dn", getVolumeHash());
  return 0;
}    

我知道,这个问题有点太老了,无法回答。但我在很多场合都遇到过这个问题。我喜欢接受解决方案,但如果你试过代码,你就会知道它有问题。

首先,CPU id是产品id,而不是序列号。因此,如果您在另一台服务器上使用相同的CPU,那么它将无法工作。MAC地址也可以轻松更改。

如果你只想在Linux上完成这个,你可以试试像hal服务。ie .

hal-get-property --udi /org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer --key system.hardware.uuid

但是最好的办法可能是如果你可以强制root访问,如果你想亲自动手,那就是查看dmidecode的代码。它将允许您提取机箱,Bios,视频和系统的UUID。

你可以把它转换成一个类。

也许您可以从唯一的硬件id -生成几乎唯一的idMAC是普遍唯一的,你也可以使用cpu模型

在我看来,你应该只选择那些可能不会经常改变的东西,如cpu或LAN/WLAN卡。

一个相当可移植的解决方案是使用当前可执行文件的修改时间。stat函数在unix和windows上可用,尽管API不同,因此您需要使用一些IFDEFs

一个二进制文件不可能在同一时间部署到不同的机器上,所以id应该是唯一的。缺点是二进制更新将更改id。