如何检验一个集合是否自反、对称、反对称和/或传递

How To Test Whether a Set is Reflexive, Symmetric, Anti-Symmetric and/or Transitive?

本文关键字:反对称 对称 是否 检验 何检验 集合 一个      更新时间:2023-10-16

我很难编写这些函数。他们工作不正常,不知道我做错了什么。至于Transitive,我甚至无法开始,希望您能给我一些帮助,以及我在函数中做错了什么。谢谢你。
样例输入:

0 1 2 3 //elements (A)
0 0     //relations (B)
1 1
2 2
3 3
x y z //elements (A)
x y   //relations (B)
y z
y y
z z
x y z //elements (A)
x x   //relations (B)
y z
x y
z y
x z
y y
z x
y x
z z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 //elements (A)
1 4             //relations (B)
1 7
2 5
2 8
3 6
4 7
5 8
6 6
1 1
2 2
代码:

bool reflexive(int a[], int sizeOfA, int b[], int sizeOfB) 
{
  bool hold = true;
  for(int i=0; i+1<sizeOfB; i+=2) 
  {
    int e = b[i];
    int e1 = b[i];
    if(pair_is_in_relation(e1, e, b, sizeOfB) == false) 
    {
        if (hold) 
    {
            return false;
            break;
         }
    }
  }
  if (hold)
    cout << "Reflexive - Yes" << endl; 
  else
    cout << "Reflexive - No" << endl; 
return hold;
}
bool symmetric(int a[], int sizeOfA, int b[], int sizeOfB)
{
bool hold = true; // set hold to true
for(int i=0; i+1<sizeOfB; i+=2) // for each pair (e,f) in b
{
    int e = b[i];
    int f = b[i+1];
    if(is_in_relation(f, e, b, sizeOfB)) // if pair(e,f) is not in b
    {
        if(hold) // set hold to false
        {
            return false;
            break;
        }
    }
}
if(hold) // if hold return true
    cout << "Symmetric - Yes" << endl;
else // if hold is false return false
    cout << "Symmetric - No" << endl;
}
void antiSymmetric(int b[], int sizeOfB)
{
bool hold = true; // set hold to true
for(int i = 0; i < sizeOfB;) // for each pair (e,f) in b
{
    if(hold == false)
    {
        cout << "AntiSymmetric - No" << endl; 
        break; //Did not find (e,e) in b
    }
    for(int j = 0; j < sizeOfB;)
    {
        if(b[i] == b[j+1] && b[i+1] == b[j]) //If true, then pair(f,e) exists
        {
            if(b[i+1] != b[i]) //If true, relation is antisymmetric
            {
                hold = true;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                hold = false;
                j = j + 2;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            hold = false;
            j = j + 2;
        }
    }
    i = i + 2;
}
if(hold == true)
    cout << "AntiSymmetric - Yes" << endl;
}
void transitive(int a[], int sizeOfA, int b[], int sizeOfB)
{
}
int main()
{
char keepGoing = 'y';
    while (keepGoing=='y') {
int set1[4] = {0, 1, 2, 3};
int rel1[8] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3};
cout << "Set 1: " << endl;
reflexive(set1, 3, rel1, 4);
symmetric(set1, 3, rel1, 4);
antiSymmetric(set1, 3, rel1, 4);
cout << endl;
char set2[4] = {'x', 'y', 'z'};
char rel2[8] = {'x', 'y', 'y', 'z', 'y', 'y', 'z', 'z'};
cout << "Set 2: " << endl;
charReflexive(set2, 4, rel2, 8);
charSymmetric(set2, 4, rel2, 8);
charAntiSymmetric(set2, 4, rel2, 8);
cout << endl;
char set3[3] = {'x', 'y', 'z'};
char rel3[18] = {'x', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'y', 'x', 
                 'z', 'y', 'y', 'z', 'x', 'y', 'x', 'z', 'z'};
cout << "Set 3: " << endl;
charReflexive(set3, 3, rel3, 18);
charSymmetric(set3, 3, rel3, 18);
charAntiSymmetric(set3, 3, rel3, 18);
cout << endl;
int set4[8] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
int rel4[20] = {1, 7, 2, 5, 2, 8, 3, 6, 4, 7, 5, 8, 6, 6, 1, 1,
                2, 2};
cout << "Set 4: " << endl;
reflexive(set4, 8, rel4, 20);
symmetric(set4, 8, rel4, 20);
antiSymmetric(set4, 8, rel4, 20);
cout << endl << "Would you like to test it again? (y/n): ";
    cin >> keepGoing;
}
return 0;
}

我只读了reflexive,但你需要重新考虑一下。一般来说,如果A中的第一个元素不等于B中的第一个元素,则打印"Reflexive - No"并停止。我觉得你没想清楚。

[EDIT]好了,现在我们终于确定了int a[]int b[]的值,我必须重新开始。以前所有人的想法都是完全错误的。(尤其是我,我以前的"自反"真的是对称的,而且对输入的解释是错误的。)如果你已经学习了c++类/容器,我强烈建议用以下内容替换int a[]int b[]:

template <class T>
struct relation {
    typedef std::pair<T,T> single_relation;
    std::set<T> elements;
    std::set<single_relation> all_relations;
};

或类似的东西,但那只是我。

reflexive:
    set holds to true
    for each element e in a
        if pair(e,e) is not in b
            set holds to false
            break
symmetric:
    set holds to true
    for each pair(e,f) in b
        if pair(f,e) is not in b
            set holds to false
            break
antisymetric: 
    set holds to true
    for each pair(e,f) in b
        if pair(f,e) is in b
            if f is not e
                set holds to false
                break
transitive:
    set holds to true
    for each pair(e,f) in b
        for each pair(f,g) in b
            if pair(e,g) is not in b
                set holds to false
                break
        if holds is false
            break

注意,实际上只有自反才需要a[]
演示:

bool pair_is_in_relation(int left, int right, int b[], int sizeOfB)
{
    for(int i=0; i+1<sizeOfB; i+=2) {
        if (b[i]==left && b[i+1]==right)
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
bool antiSymmetric(int b[], int sizeOfB) 
{
    bool holds = true;
    for(int i=0; i+1<sizeOfB; i+=2) {
        int e = b[i];
        int f = b[i+1];
        if(pair_is_in_relation(f, e, b, sizeOfB)) {
            if (e != f) {
                holds = false;
                break;
             }
        }
    }
    if (holds)
        std::cout << "AntiSymmetric - Yes" << endl; 
    else
        std::cout << "AntiSymmetric - No" << endl; 
    return holds;
}

对于初学者来说,这个从不增加迭代变量的for循环的目的是什么?

for(j = 0; j < sizeOfB;)
{
    ...
}

如果你在第一次迭代时就打破它,为什么要有这样一个过于复杂的for无尽循环?

如果需要遍历两个集合的叉积,可以使用以下代码片段作为开始:

for( int i = 0; i < sizeOfA; ++i )
{
    for( int j = 0; j < sizeOfB; ++j )
    {
        int elemA = a[i];
        int elemB = b[j];
        ... do your magic ...
    }
}

首先,你需要弄清楚你的术语:集合S不是自反的、对称的、传递的或任何类似的东西。这就是为什么你很难想象传递物(…)应该做什么。

特殊集合S上,只有特殊二元关系b是自反的、对称的和可传递的。

现在,让我们用一个集合和一个关系来考虑这个。假设您有一个函数,方便地称为relation:

bool relation(int a, int b) 
{
    /* some code here that implements whatever 'relation' models. We will
     * pick some relation we know to be reflective, transitive and symmetric.
     * For example: 
     */
    return (a == b);
}

让我们也添加一个坏关系,只是为了好玩。您可以使用它来测试:

bool relation_bad(int a, int b) 
{
    /* some code here that implements whatever 'relation' models. This is
     * a relation that isn't symmetric, but it is reflexive and transitive. 
     */
    return (a >= b);
}

现在,你想要编码'reflexive'。反身性意味着一个项目与自身相关:

bool reflexive(int *s, int items) 
{
    for(int i = 0; i != items; i++)
    {
        if(!relation(s[i], s[i]))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

现在是'对称'。对称意味着如果a与be相关,那么b一定与a相关:

bool symmetric(int *s, int items)
{
    for(int i = 0; i != items; i++)
    { // for every item in the set:
        for(int j = 0; j != items; j++)
        { // check against every other items (including itself!)
            if(relation(s[i], s[j]) != relation(s[j], s[i])
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

我就不写传递性了,传递性意味着如果a与b相关,b与c相关,那么a一定与c相关。

你可以看到你将需要三个循环和更复杂的检查这里

\to find symetric relation
#include<iostream.h>
using namespace std;
main() {
    int a[5],b[5],c,d=0,e,f;
    cout<<"Enter 1st elemtnts: ";
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        cin>>a[i];
    }
    cout<<"Enter second elemnt :";
    for(int j=0;j<5;j++){
        cin>>b[j];
    }
    for(c=0;c<5;c++){
        for(d=0;d<5;d++){
            if(a[c]==b[d]){
                cout<<"("<<a[c]<<",";
                cout<<b[d]<<")";
            }     
        }
    }   
    cout<<" Are the symetric nn";
    system("pause");
}