cmake 找不到随 vcpkg 一起安装的库

cmake cannot find libraries installed with vcpkg

本文关键字：安装 一起 vcpkg 找不到 cmake      更新时间：2023-10-16

我想在Windows的CMake项目中使用vcpkg，因为我需要boost和xerces，它们都由这个包管理器处理。

我有以下CMakeLists.txt：

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.12.0)
project (myproj)
set (CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${XERCES_ROOT})
set (Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
set (Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED ON)
unset (Boost_INCLUDE_DIR CACHE)
unset (Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS CACHE)
# set (CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../cmake/modules)
find_package (Boost COMPONENTS filesystem regex REQUIRED)
find_package (XercesC CONFIG REQUIRED)
set (CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
message (STATUS "binary dir is ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
include_directories (${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}/)
include_directories (${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/..)
include_directories (${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
include_directories (${XercesC_INCLUDE_DIRS})
set (PROJECT_SRC
code.cpp
)
add_library (${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED ${PROJECT_SRC})
add_dependencies (${PROJECT_NAME} UPDATE_RESOURCES)
target_link_libraries (${PROJECT_NAME} ${Boost_LIBRARIES} XercesC::XercesC)

Boost和xerces-c与vcpkg一起安装。由于我使用的是Visual Studio Code，因此我在settings.json中设置了vcpkg变量：

"cmake.configureSettings": {
"CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE" : "some/path/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake",
"VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET": "x64-windows"
}

当我运行 che CMake 时，我收到以下错误：

[cmake] CMake Error at C:/Program Files/CMake/share/cmake-3.14/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:2132 (message):
[cmake]   Unable to find the requested Boost libraries.
[cmake] 
[cmake]   Unable to find the Boost header files.  Please set BOOST_ROOT to the root
[cmake]   directory containing Boost or BOOST_INCLUDEDIR to the directory containing
[cmake]   Boost's headers.
[cmake] Call Stack (most recent call first):
[cmake]   D:/projects/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake:233 (_find_package)
[cmake]   src/myroject/CMakeLists.txt:24 (find_package)
[cmake] 
[cmake] 
[cmake] CMake Error at D:/Projects/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/xercesc/vcpkg-cmake-wrapper.cmake:1 (_find_package):
[cmake]   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "XercesC" with any
[cmake]   of the following names:
[cmake] 
[cmake]     XercesCConfig.cmake
[cmake]     xercesc-config.cmake
[cmake] 
[cmake]   Add the installation prefix of "XercesC" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
[cmake]   "XercesC_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
[cmake]   "XercesC" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
[cmake]   been installed.
[cmake] Call Stack (most recent call first):
[cmake]   D:/Projects/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake:189 (include)
[cmake]   src/ZLA/CMakeLists.txt:25 (find_package)
[cmake] 
[cmake] 
[cmake] Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
[cmake] See also "D:/Projects/zla/build/vscode/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
[cms-driver] Error during CMake configure: [cmake-server] Configuration failed.

目前我已经使用 vcpkg 命令安装了xerces，而 boost 目前尚未安装 ，但我预计在执行 cmake 命令期间，vcpkg将下载并构建所需的构建包。

我也尝试了命令行：

cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=D:/Projects/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows ../

但结果是一样的。

我做错了什么？如何才能成功使用 vcpkg？

理论上它就像(假设 vcpkg 安装在C:/vcpkg中一样简单，因为它是 github 操作);

  1. 使用vcpkg install foo安装您的 "foo" 软件包

  2. 确保您的 CMakeLists.txt 找到并使用包;

    find_package(FOO)
# Use these instead of the package doesn't have proper cmake 
package support.
# find_path(FOO_INCLUDE_DIRS foo.h)
# find_library(FOO_LIBRARYS foo)
include_directories(${FOO_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(myprogram ${FOO_LIBRARIES})

  3. 运行 cmake

    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake

但。。。直到我向vcpkg install命令添加--triplet x64-windows，这对我不起作用。

DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE设置各种CMAKE_(SYSTEM_)?(PREFIX|LIBRARY|INCLUDE|FRAMEWORK)_PATH变量以使 find_*() cmake 函数正常工作，但请注意，这些路径包括VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET。在我的情况下，带有vcpkg install <foo>的软件包安装默认为x86-windows但随后调用 cmake-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/....默认为x64-windows，因此它找不到该软件包。

目前 vcpkg 默认为较旧的 x86 目标，但现代 Visual Studio(由 githup 操作使用)默认为 x64。解决方法是使用vcpkg -triplet x64-windows install <foo>安装软件包。我花了太长时间进入太多的红鲱鱼兔子洞才发现这一点。

  1. 您需要事先安装软件包(使用 vcpkg install )。

    (然后，您可以将工具链指定为 CMake 选项： 

    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:pathtovcpkgscriptsbuildsystemsvcpkg.cmake

    但是，如果您已经指定了工具链，例如在交叉编译时，这将不起作用。

  2. 相反，"包括"它以避免此问题：

    将此行添加到项目 CMakeLists.txt 在 find_package() 之前：

    include(/path/to/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake)

boost 目前尚未安装，但我预计在执行 cmake 命令期间，vcpkg 将下载并构建所需的构建包。

据我所知，情况并非如此。您需要事先安装所需的软件包vcpkg用于您计划使用的三胞胎(即x64-windows)。然后，您需要确保在运行 CMake 时使用正确的三元组(检查CMakeCache.txt中的VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET变量)。如果不正确，可以更改它并使用 CMake 重新配置。

此外，根据您获得的错误输出，似乎xerces也没有使用vcpkg正确安装。您可以通过运行以下命令来检查随vcpkg安装的内容：

vcpkg list --triplet x64-windows

我遇到了同样的问题，只是用以下方法解决了它：

set(CURL_DIR "C:/Libs/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/curl")

或

list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "C:/Libs/vcpkg/packages/curl_x64-windows/share/curl/")

我在C：/Libs下安装了 vcpkg

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