Python到C++:使用递归列出背包的所有组合的算法

Python to C++: Algorithm that list all combinations of Knapsack using recursion

本文关键字:背包 算法 组合 C++ 递归 Python      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在尝试实现一个代码,该代码使用递归列出背包问题的所有可能组合。我在递归方面有困难。我试图解决它,但一无所获,所以我做了一些研究,在JavaPython中找到了一个代码,但我很难用C++重写那个代码。

以下是JavaPython:中的解决方案代码

items = [1,1,3,4,5]
knapsack = []
limit = 7
def print_solutions(current_item, knapsack, current_sum):
#if all items have been processed print the solution and return:
if current_item == len(items):
print knapsack
return
#don't take the current item and go check others
print_solutions(current_item + 1, list(knapsack), current_sum)
#take the current item if the value doesn't exceed the limit
if (current_sum + items[current_item] <= limit):
knapsack.append(items[current_item])
current_sum += items[current_item]
#current item taken go check others
print_solutions(current_item + 1, knapsack, current_sum )
print_solutions(0,knapsack,0)

我在这个链接中发现了那个代码

这是我尝试做的。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;   
void AddItem(int item, int *knapsack) {
int i = 0;
while (knapsack[i] != -1)
i++;    
knapsack[i] = item;
};
void printKnapsack(int *knapsack, int n) {
cout << "[";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (knapsack[i] != -1)
cout << knapsack[i] << ",";
}
void print_solutions(int current_item, int *knapsack, int current_sum, int *items, int n, int limit) {
//if all items have been processed print the solution and return
if (current_item == n - 1) {
printKnapsack(knapsack, n);
return;
};
//don't take the current item and go check others
print_solutions(current_item + 1, knapsack, current_sum, items, n, limit);
//take the current item if the value doesn't exceed the limit
if (current_sum + items[current_item] <= limit) {
AddItem(items[current_item], knapsack);
current_sum += items[current_item];
};
//current item taken go check others
print_solutions(current_item + 1, knapsack, current_sum, items, n, limit);
};
int main() {
int current_item = 0;
int current_sum = 0;
int limit, n;
cout << "Type the maximum weight ";
cin >> limit;
cout << "How many items?  ";
cin >> n;
int* knapsack;
knapsack = new int[10];
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
knapsack[i] = -1;
int * items;
items = new int[n];
cout << "Type weights.";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin >> items[i];
};
print_solutions(0, knapsack, 0, items, n, limit);
return 0;
}

带输入:

7                       // limit
5                       // number of items 
1 1 3 4 5               // items

我希望得到以下最终结果:

[]
[5]
[4]
[3]
[3, 4]
[1]
[1, 5]
[1, 4]
[1, 3]
[1]
[1, 5]
[1, 4]
[1, 3]
[1, 1]
[1, 1, 5]
[1, 1, 4]
[1, 1, 3]

但我得到的只是用3和4填充的数组,而不是所有实际的解决方案。

简而言之

在将算法从python转换为C++的过程中,有一个主要问题与参数传递相关的语言语义有关。

详细信息

在python中,您可以编写以下内容:

print_solutions(current_item + 1, list(knapsack), current_sum)

list(knapsack)是来自knapsack列表的副本。因此,中间的递归调用保持原始knapsack不变,而第二个递归调用更改原始knapsack:

print_solutions(current_item + 1, knapsack, current_sum)

然而,在C++代码中,在这两种情况下,您都处理原始的knapsack列表(数组参数通过引用传递),因此knapsack会完全混乱:

//don't take the current item and go check others
print_solutions(current_item + 1, knapsack, current_sum, items, n, limit);

如何使其发挥作用

要么创建一个临时数组并在其中复制knapsack,要么更好的是,开始使用vector,这将使您的C++生活更加轻松(注意通过值或引用传递)。

以下版本使用矢量。参数中的&表示它是通过引用传递的参数(即原始向量可以更改)。请注意,我们不再需要传递n,因为向量知道它的长度,就像python中的list所做的那样:

void print_solutions(int current_item, vector<int>& knapsack, int current_sum, const vector<int>& items, int limit) {  
//if all items have been processed print the solution and return
if (current_item == items.size() ) {
printKnapsack(knapsack);
return;
};
//don't take the current item and go check others
vector<int> knapcopy = knapsack; 
print_solutions(current_item + 1, knapcopy, current_sum, items, limit);
//take the current item if the value doesn't exceed the limit
if (current_sum + items[current_item] <= limit) {
knapsack.push_back(items[current_item]);
current_sum += items[current_item];
//current item taken go check others
print_solutions(current_item + 1, knapsack, current_sum, items, limit);
};
};

这是一个在线演示。