在 C++ 中重载子类中的枚举

Overloading an enum in a child class in c++

本文关键字:枚举 子类 重载 C++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我有兴趣定义一个要继承的通用类,该类根据枚举和该枚举到某些数据结构的映射以不同的方式操作。

在下面的代码中,我test_child继承自test_parent,其中已经实现了共享函数。我的计划是让许多类继承自像parent_class这样的类,但定义一个唯一的"字段"枚举和相应的"映射"映射。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
class test_parent {
public:
    enum class field {
        A,
        B,
        C
    };
    typedef struct {
        std::string s;
        int i, j;
    } data_t;
    std::unordered_map<field, data_t> mapping {
        {field::A, {"A", 1, 1}},
        {field::B, {"B", 2, 2}},
        {field::C, {"C", 3, 3}}
    };
    int get_i (field f) {
        return mapping[f].i;
    }
    std::string get_s (field f) {
        return mapping[f].s;
    }   
};
class test_child : test_parent {
public:
    enum class field {
        D,
        E
    };
    std::unordered_map<field, data_t> mapping {
        {field::D, {"D", 4, 4}},
        {field::E, {"E", 5, 5}}
    };
};
int main () {
    test_parent tp;
    test_child tc;
    std::cout << tp.get_i(test_parent::field::A) << " " << tc.get_i(test_child::field::E) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

此代码返回编译错误:

test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test.cpp:55:86: error: no matching function for call to ‘test_child::get_i(test_child::field)’
std::cout << tp.get_i(test_parent::field::A) << " " << tc.get_i(test_child::field::E) << std::endl;
                                                                                    ^
test.cpp:28:6: note: candidate: int test_parent::get_i(test_parent::field)
int get_i (field f) {
    ^~~~~
test.cpp:28:6: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘test_child::field’ to ‘test_parent::field’

但我期望打印的是:

1 5

不确定这是你想要的,但使用模板,你可能会这样做

struct data_t
{
    std::string s;
    int i;
    int j;
};
template <typename E>
class test_parent {
public:
    int get_i(E e) const { return mapping.at(e).i; }
    const std::string& get_s(E e) const { return mapping.at(e).s; }
    static const std::unordered_map<E, data_t> mapping;
};

然后

enum class field_ABC{ A, B, C };
enum class field_DE{ D, E };
template <>
const std::unordered_map<field_ABC , data_t> test_parent<field_ABC >::mapping =  {
    {field_ABC::A, {"A", 1, 1}},
    {field_ABC::B, {"B", 2, 2}},
    {field_ABC::C, {"C", 3, 3}}
};
template <>
const std::unordered_map<field_DE, data_t> test_parent<field_DE>::mapping =  {
    {field_DE::D, {"D", 4, 4}},
    {field_DE::E, {"E", 5, 5}}
};

演示

嗨,

我想我可能在以下示例中找到了答案:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
class test_parent {
public:
    enum class field {
        A,
        B,
        C
    };
    typedef struct {
        std::string s;
        int i, j;
    } data_t;
    std::unordered_map<uint, data_t> mapping {
        {(uint) field::A, {"A", 1, 1}},
        {(uint) field::B, {"B", 2, 2}},
        {(uint) field::C, {"C", 3, 3}}
    };
    int get_i (uint f) {
        return mapping[f].i;
    }
    std::string get_s (uint f) {
        return mapping[f].s;
    }   
};
class test_child : public test_parent {
public:
    test_child () {
        test_parent::mapping = mapping;
    }
    enum class field {
        D = 4,
        E = 5
    };
    std::unordered_map<uint, data_t> mapping {
        {(uint) field::E, {"E", 5, 5}},
        {(uint) field::D, {"D", 4, 4}}
    };
};
int main () {
    test_parent tp;
    test_child tc;
    std::cout << tp.get_i((uint) test_parent::field::A) << " " << tc.get_i((uint) test_child::field::E) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

我对待枚举值的地方就像它们最初设想的那样,ints!