类型依赖于可变参数模板的类

Class with types dependant on variadic templating

本文关键字:参数 依赖于 变参 类型      更新时间:2023-10-16

我最近看了一个视频,它启发了我编写自己的神经网络系统,我想让网络中的节点数量是可调的。

起初,我通过解析节点数数组在运行时实现了这一目标,但我想知道是否可以在编译时执行此操作。这是我希望完成的那种事情的一个例子。

template<int FirstNodes, int SecondNodes, int... OtherNodes>
class Net
{
    tuple<Eigen::Matrix<float, FirstNodes, SecondNodes>, ...> m_weights;
    // More matricies with the values from the OtherNodes
};

作为更详细的示例,Net<784, 16, 16, 10> n; n.m_weight应该具有类型

tuple<Eigen::Matrix<float, 784, 16>,
    Eigen::Matrix<float, 16, 16>,
    Eigen::Matrix<float, 16, 10>>

根据我对C++和constexpr的了解,这应该是可能的。

应该补充一点,我能够做到

template<int FirstNodes, int SecondNodes, int... OtherNodes>
class Net
{
public:
    Net()
    {
        auto nodes = {FirstNodes, SecondNodes, OtherNodes...};
        auto i = nodes.begin();
        do 
        {
            // Eigen::Matrix<float, Dynamic, Dynamic>
            Eigen::MatrixXf m(*(i++), *i);
        } while (i+1 != nodes.end());
    }
};

但是我只是再次使用动态矩阵,这不是我所希望的。

任何建议或工作实例将不胜感激。

你想要某种类型转换,给定一个N整数列表,返回N - 1矩阵的tuple。下面是 C++17 解决方案:

template <int A, int B, int... Is>
auto make_matrix_tuple()
{   
    if constexpr(sizeof...(Is) == 0)
    {
        return std::tuple<Eigen::Matrix<float, A, B>>{};
    }
    else
    {
        return std::tuple_cat(make_matrix_tuple<A, B>(), 
                            make_matrix_tuple<B, Is...>());
    }
}

魔杖盒上的现场示例


在 C++11 中,可以递归方式实现此类型转换:

template <int... Is>
struct matrix_tuple_helper;
template <int A, int B, int... Rest>
struct matrix_tuple_helper<A, B, Rest...>
{
    using curr_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<float, A, B>;
    using type = 
        decltype(
            std::tuple_cat(
                std::tuple<curr_matrix>{},
                typename matrix_tuple_helper<B, Rest...>::type{}
            )
        );
};
template <int A, int B>
struct matrix_tuple_helper<A, B>
{
    using curr_matrix = Eigen::Matrix<float, A, B>;
    using type = std::tuple<curr_matrix>;
};
template <int... Is>
using matrix_tuple = typename matrix_tuple_helper<Is...>::type;

C++14方法:

struct matrix_tuple_maker
{
    template <int A, int B, int C, int... Is>
    static auto get()
    {
        return std::tuple_cat(get<A, B>(), get<B, C, Is...>());
    }
    template <int A, int B>
    static auto get()
    {
        return std::tuple<Eigen::Matrix<float, A, B>>{};
    }
};
static_assert(std::is_same_v<
    decltype(matrix_tuple_maker::get<784, 16, 16, 10>()),
    std::tuple<Eigen::Matrix<float, 784, 16>,
               Eigen::Matrix<float, 16, 16>,
               Eigen::Matrix<float, 16, 10>>
    >);

在我看来,您需要两个整数列表,相位为 1。

如果定义一个简单的模板整数容器(在 C++14 中,您可以使用 std::integer_sequence

template <int...>
struct iList
 { };

您可以按如下方式定义基类(抱歉:使用 foo 而不是 Eigen::Matrix

template <typename, typename, typename = std::tuple<>>
struct NetBase;
// avoid the first couple
template <int ... Is, int J0, int ... Js>
struct NetBase<iList<0, Is...>, iList<J0, Js...>, std::tuple<>>
   : NetBase<iList<Is...>, iList<Js...>, std::tuple<>>
 { };
// intermediate case
template <int I0, int ... Is, int J0, int ... Js, typename ... Ts>
struct NetBase<iList<I0, Is...>, iList<J0, Js...>, std::tuple<Ts...>>
   : NetBase<iList<Is...>, iList<Js...>,
             std::tuple<Ts..., foo<float, I0, J0>>>
 { };
// avoid the last couple and terminate
template <int I0, typename ... Ts>
struct NetBase<iList<I0>, iList<0>, std::tuple<Ts...>>
 { using type = std::tuple<Ts...>; };

Net简单地成为(观察整数列表的异相耦合)

template <int F, int S, int... Os>
struct Net : NetBase<iList<0, F, S, Os...>, iList<F, S, Os..., 0>>
 { };

以下是完整的编译示例

#include <tuple>
template <int...>
struct iList
 { };
template <typename, int, int>
struct foo
 { };
template <typename, typename, typename = std::tuple<>>
struct NetBase;
// avoid the first couple
template <int ... Is, int J0, int ... Js>
struct NetBase<iList<0, Is...>, iList<J0, Js...>, std::tuple<>>
   : NetBase<iList<Is...>, iList<Js...>, std::tuple<>>
 { };
// intermediate case
template <int I0, int ... Is, int J0, int ... Js, typename ... Ts>
struct NetBase<iList<I0, Is...>, iList<J0, Js...>, std::tuple<Ts...>>
   : NetBase<iList<Is...>, iList<Js...>,
             std::tuple<Ts..., foo<float, I0, J0>>>
 { };
// avoid the last couple and terminate
template <int I0, typename ... Ts>
struct NetBase<iList<I0>, iList<0>, std::tuple<Ts...>>
 { using type = std::tuple<Ts...>; };
template <int F, int S, int... Os>
struct Net : NetBase<iList<0, F, S, Os...>, iList<F, S, Os..., 0>>
 { };
int main()
 {
   static_assert(std::is_same<
      typename Net<784, 16, 16, 10>::type, 
      std::tuple<foo<float, 784, 16>, foo<float, 16, 16>,
                 foo<float, 16, 10>>>{}, "!");
 }

这是另一个 C++14 解决方案。我认为它值得发布,因为它是非递归且可读的。

#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
template<class, int, int> struct Matrix {};
template<int... matsizes, std::size_t... matinds>
constexpr auto make_net(
  std::integer_sequence<int, matsizes...>,
  std::index_sequence<matinds...>
) {
  constexpr int sizes[] = {matsizes...};
  return std::tuple< Matrix<float, sizes[matinds], sizes[1+matinds]>... >{};
}
template<int... matsizes>
constexpr auto make_net(
  std::integer_sequence<int, matsizes...> sizes
) {
  static_assert(sizes.size() >= 2, "");
  constexpr auto number_of_mats = sizes.size() - 1;
  return make_net(sizes, std::make_index_sequence<number_of_mats>{});
}
int main () {
  auto net = make_net(std::integer_sequence<int, 784, 16, 16, 10>{});
  using Net = decltype(net);
  static_assert(
    std::is_same<
      std::tuple<
        Matrix<float, 784, 16>,
        Matrix<float, 16, 16>,
        Matrix<float, 16, 10>
      >,
      Net
    >{}, ""
  );
  return 0;
}