如何在 c++ 中调用 unicode 函数 CreateProcessW 来启动 Windows 可执行文件
How do I call the unicode function CreateProcessW in c++ to launch a Windows executable?
这里有一个如何在堆栈交换上调用CreateProcess的示例，但是Windows 10似乎不再支持此功能，您必须使用Unicode版本CreateProcessW。
与ASCI版本类似，我正在寻找一个例子：
- 启动 EXE
- 等待 EXE 完成。 可执行文件
- 完成后正确关闭所有句柄。
在这方面，Windows 10没有什么新鲜事。你的问题实际上是关于Unicode与ANSI，以及Visual Studio使用Unicode的新默认设置。
CreateProcess是宏，则定义为
#ifdef UNICODE
#define CreateProcess CreateProcessW
#else
#define CreateProcess CreateProcessA
#endif // !UNICODE
此外STARTUPINFO是用于STARTUPINFOA和STARTUPINFOW的宏
CreateProcessA使用 ANSI 字符字符串char*和STARTUPINFOA
CreateProcessW使用 Unicode 宽字符字符串wchar_t*和STARTUPINFOW
如果您坚持使用 ANSI（不推荐），请转到项目设置 ->字符集并禁用 Unicode。
如果您坚持使用具有 Unicode 设置的 ANSI 版本（仍然不推荐），则需要
//Using ANSI when UNICODE is defined (not recommended):
STARTUPINFOA si = { sizeof(si) };
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
std::string path = "c:\windows\notepad.exe "c:\test\_text.txt"";
//if not using C++11 or later, force a zero at the end
//to make sure path is null-ternminated
path.push_back(0);
if(CreateProcessA(NULL, &path[0], NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi))
{
WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
}
只要目录名称与 ANSI 兼容，上面的代码就可以工作。但推荐的版本是：
//recommended:
{
STARTUPINFO si = { sizeof(si) };
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
std::wstring path = L"c:\windows\notepad.exe "c:\test\_text.txt"";
//if not using C++11 or later, force a zero at the end
//to make sure path is null-ternminated
path.push_back(0);
if(CreateProcess(0, &path[0], NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi))
{
WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
}
}
此外，不要按如下方式从常量字符串转换为字符串：
wchar_t* arg_concat = const_cast<wchar_t*>( input.c_str() );
应wchar_t* CreateProcess中的第二个参数，因为该过程可能会修改命令行。
这个例子是注释的，希望是不言自明的。
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
class process
{
public:
static PROCESS_INFORMATION launchProcess(std::string app, std::string arg)
{
// Prepare handles.
STARTUPINFO si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; // The function returns this
ZeroMemory( &si, sizeof(si) );
si.cb = sizeof(si);
ZeroMemory( &pi, sizeof(pi) );
//Prepare CreateProcess args
std::wstring app_w(app.length(), L' '); // Make room for characters
std::copy(app.begin(), app.end(), app_w.begin()); // Copy string to wstring.
std::wstring arg_w(arg.length(), L' '); // Make room for characters
std::copy(arg.begin(), arg.end(), arg_w.begin()); // Copy string to wstring.
std::wstring input = app_w + L" " + arg_w;
wchar_t* arg_concat = const_cast<wchar_t*>( input.c_str() );
const wchar_t* app_const = app_w.c_str();
// Start the child process.
if( !CreateProcessW(
app_const, // app path
arg_concat, // Command line (needs to include app path as first argument. args seperated by whitepace)
NULL, // Process handle not inheritable
NULL, // Thread handle not inheritable
FALSE, // Set handle inheritance to FALSE
0, // No creation flags
NULL, // Use parent's environment block
NULL, // Use parent's starting directory
&si, // Pointer to STARTUPINFO structure
&pi ) // Pointer to PROCESS_INFORMATION structure
)
{
printf( "CreateProcess failed (%d).n", GetLastError() );
throw std::exception("Could not create child process");
}
else
{
// Return process handle
return pi;
}
}
static bool checkIfProcessIsActive(PROCESS_INFORMATION pi)
{
// Check if handle is closed
if ( pi.hProcess == NULL )
{
printf( "Process handle is closed or invalid (%d).n");
return FALSE;
}
// If handle open, check if process is active
DWORD lpExitCode = 0;
if( GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, &lpExitCode) == 0)
{
printf( "Cannot return exit code (%d).n", GetLastError() );
throw std::exception("Cannot return exit code");
}
else
{
if (lpExitCode == STILL_ACTIVE)
{
return TRUE;
}
else
{
return FALSE;
}
}
}
static bool stopProcess( PROCESS_INFORMATION &pi)
{
// Check if handle is invalid or has allready been closed
if ( pi.hProcess == NULL )
{
printf( "Process handle invalid. Possibly allready been closed (%d).n");
return 0;
}
// Terminate Process
if( !TerminateProcess(pi.hProcess,1))
{
printf( "ExitProcess failed (%d).n", GetLastError() );
return 0;
}
// Wait until child process exits.
if( WaitForSingleObject( pi.hProcess, INFINITE ) == WAIT_FAILED)
{
printf( "Wait for exit process failed(%d).n", GetLastError() );
return 0;
}
// Close process and thread handles.
if( !CloseHandle( pi.hProcess ))
{
printf( "Cannot close process handle(%d).n", GetLastError() );
return 0;
}
else
{
pi.hProcess = NULL;
}
if( !CloseHandle( pi.hThread ))
{
printf( "Cannot close thread handle (%d).n", GetLastError() );
return 0;
}
else
{
pi.hProcess = NULL;
}
return 1;
}
};//class process
#endif //win32
