G++ 不允许我定义名为 "major" 的成员函数

G++ doesn't allow me to define a member function named "major"

本文关键字:major 成员 函数 不允许 允许我 定义 G++      更新时间:2023-10-16

所以,今天我正在编写一些单元测试,突然 G++ 给了我一个关于 GNU C 和我的一个名为major的成员函数的意外警告。为什么在不触发 G++ 的情况下不能有一个名为major的成员函数?

这是一个最小可行的测试代码段:

// Any of these includes trigger the warnings
#include <random>
#include <cstdlib>
class my_class {
public:
void major() const;
};
inline void my_class::major() const {}
int main(void) {
my_class my_obj;
my_obj.major();
return 0;
}

这是编译的输出(使用g++ --std=c++14 -o test-gcc-major test-gcc-major.cpp):

[flisboac@sonic ~]$ uname -a && lsb_release -a && g++ -v && g++ --std=c++14 -o test-gcc-major test-gcc-major.cpp && ./test-gcc-major 
Linux sonic 4.12.10-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Aug 30 12:18:42 CEST 2017 x86_64 GNU/Linux
LSB Version:    1.4
Distributor ID: Arch
Description:    Arch Linux
Release:    rolling
Codename:   n/a
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/7.1.1/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configured with: /build/gcc-multilib/src/gcc/configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=https://bugs.archlinux.org/ --enable-languages=c,c++,ada,fortran,go,lto,objc,obj-c++ --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-libmpx --with-system-zlib --with-isl --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-clocale=gnu --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libssp --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --enable-lto --enable-plugin --enable-install-libiberty --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-multilib --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-default-pie --enable-default-ssp
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.1.1 20170630 (GCC) 
test-gcc-major.cpp:7:13: warning: In the GNU C Library, "major" is defined
by <sys/sysmacros.h>. For historical compatibility, it is
currently defined by <sys/types.h> as well, but we plan to
remove this soon. To use "major", include <sys/sysmacros.h>
directly. If you did not intend to use a system-defined macro
"major", you should undefine it after including <sys/types.h>.
void major() const;
^~~~~~~~                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
test-gcc-major.cpp:10:13: warning: In the GNU C Library, "major" is defined
by <sys/sysmacros.h>. For historical compatibility, it is
currently defined by <sys/types.h> as well, but we plan to
remove this soon. To use "major", include <sys/sysmacros.h>
directly. If you did not intend to use a system-defined macro
"major", you should undefine it after including <sys/types.h>.
inline void my_class::major() const {}
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
test-gcc-major.cpp:14:13: warning: In the GNU C Library, "major" is defined
by <sys/sysmacros.h>. For historical compatibility, it is
currently defined by <sys/types.h> as well, but we plan to
remove this soon. To use "major", include <sys/sysmacros.h>
directly. If you did not intend to use a system-defined macro
"major", you should undefine it after including <sys/types.h>.
my_obj.major();

对于以任何方式引用成员函数的每一行,都会触发警告。此外,我无法取消定义任何东西,因为我正在实现一个库,而这个负担应该落在最终用户身上。

那么,有人知道为什么会发出这个警告吗?我什至没有在我的代码中的任何地方使用 C。我使用的只是<random>,它本身不是 C(但可能包括一个"C"库,谁知道呢?

无论如何,有没有办法在编译时检测需求并取消定义major(例如,使用一些预处理器巫毒教)?

更新:我使用的是<random>,而不是<cstdlib>。我刚刚发现<cstdlib>也会触发警告。

取消定义宏是可以的,这里只是为了向后兼容,很快就会被删除,并且一开始就不应该存在。此#undef不可能破坏或损害用户代码。

如果您的用户需要在同一源文件中包含的宏标头,请让他们自己整理。无论如何,无论您是否包含冒犯性的标头以及是否#undef它,他们都必须这样做。

不幸的是,解决方案是停止尝试创建名为major的成员。 否则,您需要#undef major这对于库来说似乎很不愉快(大概是在头文件中)。