如何在Windows上获得进程工作目录

How to get a process working dir on Windows?

本文关键字：进程 工作 Windows      更新时间：2023-10-16

如何使用本地API获得Windows上的进程工作目录(用于使用进程句柄或PID的另一个进程)?我看过进程和线程函数，PSAPI函数，还没有发现。也许WMI ?

此外，关于这些主题，PSAPI如何与进程和线程函数相关?它过时了吗?

您需要比PSAPI更强大的火炮。下面是操作方法(假设是x86，省略错误处理):

ProcessBasicInformation     pbi ;
RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS upp ;
PEB   peb ;
DWORD len ;
HANDLE handle = OpenProcess (PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, pid) ;
NtQueryInformationProcess (handle, 0 /*ProcessBasicInformation*/, &pbi,
    sizeof (ProcessBasicInformation), &len) ;
ReadProcessMemory (handle, pbi.PebBaseAddress,    &peb, sizeof (PEB), &len) ;
ReadProcessMemory (handle, peb.ProcessParameters, &upp, sizeof (RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS), &len) ;
WCHAR path = new WCHAR[upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length / 2 + 1] ;
ReadProcessMemory (handle, upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Buffer, path, upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length, &len) ;
// null-terminate
path[upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length / 2] = 0 ;

请注意，这种方法包含一个竞争，除非进程被挂起

详细解释Anton的回答，因为你不能像调用普通函数那样简单地调用NtQueryInformationProcess，你必须通过GetModuleHandleW调用Windows ntdll.dll，如下所示:

getcwd.cpp 

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cwchar>
#include <windows.h>
#include <winternl.h>
using std::string;
using std::wstring;
using std::vector;
using std::size_t;
// define process_t type
typedef DWORD process_t;
// #define instead of typedef to override
#define RTL_DRIVE_LETTER_CURDIR struct {
  WORD Flags;
  WORD Length;
  ULONG TimeStamp;
  STRING DosPath;
}
// #define instead of typedef to override
#define RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS struct {
  ULONG MaximumLength;
  ULONG Length;
  ULONG Flags;
  ULONG DebugFlags;
  PVOID ConsoleHandle;
  ULONG ConsoleFlags;
  PVOID StdInputHandle;
  PVOID StdOutputHandle;
  PVOID StdErrorHandle;
  UNICODE_STRING CurrentDirectoryPath;
  PVOID CurrentDirectoryHandle;
  UNICODE_STRING DllPath;
  UNICODE_STRING ImagePathName;
  UNICODE_STRING CommandLine;
  PVOID Environment;
  ULONG StartingPositionLeft;
  ULONG StartingPositionTop;
  ULONG Width;
  ULONG Height;
  ULONG CharWidth;
  ULONG CharHeight;
  ULONG ConsoleTextAttributes;
  ULONG WindowFlags;
  ULONG ShowWindowFlags;
  UNICODE_STRING WindowTitle;
  UNICODE_STRING DesktopName;
  UNICODE_STRING ShellInfo;
  UNICODE_STRING RuntimeData;
  RTL_DRIVE_LETTER_CURDIR DLCurrentDirectory[32];
  ULONG EnvironmentSize;
}
// shortens a wide string to a narrow string
static inline string shorten(wstring wstr) {
  int nbytes = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr.c_str(), (int)wstr.length(), NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
  vector<char> buf(nbytes);
  return string { buf.data(), (size_t)WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr.c_str(), (int)wstr.length(), buf.data(), nbytes, NULL, NULL) };
}
// checks whether process handle is 32-bit or not
static inline bool IsX86Process(HANDLE process) {
  BOOL isWow = true;
  SYSTEM_INFO systemInfo = { 0 };
  GetNativeSystemInfo(&systemInfo);
  if (systemInfo.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL)
    return isWow;
  IsWow64Process(process, &isWow);
  return isWow;
}
// helper to open processes based on pid with full debug privileges
static inline HANDLE OpenProcessWithDebugPrivilege(process_t pid) {
  HANDLE hToken;
  LUID luid;
  TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp;
  OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken);
  LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid);
  tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
  tkp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
  tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
  AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, false, &tkp, sizeof(tkp), NULL, NULL);
  CloseHandle(hToken);
  return OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pid);
}
// helper to get wide character string of pids cwd based on handle
static inline wchar_t *GetCurrentWorkingDirectoryW(HANDLE proc) {
  PEB peb;
  SIZE_T nRead;
  ULONG res_len = 0;
  PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION pbi;
  RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS upp;
  HMODULE p_ntdll = GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll");
  typedef NTSTATUS (__stdcall *tfn_qip)(HANDLE, PROCESSINFOCLASS, PVOID, ULONG, PULONG);
  tfn_qip pfn_qip = tfn_qip(GetProcAddress(p_ntdll, "NtQueryInformationProcess"));
  NTSTATUS status = pfn_qip(proc, ProcessBasicInformation, &pbi, sizeof(pbi), &res_len);
  if (status) { return NULL; } 
  ReadProcessMemory(proc, pbi.PebBaseAddress, &peb, sizeof(peb), &nRead);
  if (!nRead) { return NULL; }
  ReadProcessMemory(proc, peb.ProcessParameters, &upp, sizeof(upp), &nRead);
  if (!nRead) { return NULL; }
  PVOID buffer = upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Buffer;
  USHORT length = upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length;
  wchar_t *res = new wchar_t[length / 2 + 1];
  ReadProcessMemory(proc, buffer, res, length, &nRead);
  if (!nRead) { return NULL; }
  res[length / 2] = 0;
  return res;
}
// get cwd of pid as a narrow string
string cwd_from_pid(process_t pid) {
  string cwd;
  // open process of pid using full debug privilege
  HANDLE proc = OpenProcessWithDebugPrivilege(pid);
  wchar_t *wcwd = NULL;
  if (IsX86Process(GetCurrentProcess())) {
    if (IsX86Process(proc)) {
      wcwd = GetCurrentWorkingDirectoryW(proc);
    }
  } else {
    if (!IsX86Process(proc)) {
      wcwd = GetCurrentWorkingDirectoryW(proc);
    }
  }
  if (wcwd != NULL) {
    // converts to UTF-8
    cwd = shorten(wcwd);
    // free memory
    delete[] wcwd; 
  }
  // adds trailing slash if one doesn't yet exist or leave empty
  return (cwd.back() == '' || cwd.empty()) ? cwd : cwd + "\";
  // return cwd; // or get the directories completely unmodified
}
// test function (can be omitted)
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  if (argc == 2) {
    printf("%s", cwd_from_pid(stoul(string(argv[1]), nullptr, 10)).c_str());
    printf("%s", "rn");
  } else {
    printf("%s", cwd_from_pid(GetCurrentProcessId()).c_str());
    printf("%s", "rn");
  }
  return 0;
}

buildx86.sh 

cd "${0%/*}"
g++ getcwd.cpp -o getcwd.exe -std=c++17 -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -static -m32

buildx64.sh 

cd "${0%/*}"
g++ getcwd.cpp -o getcwd.exe -std=c++17 -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -static -m64

注意，这使用了一个私有API，它可能会在没有警告的情况下发生变化，因此会在没有通知或任何文档的情况下停止工作。调用进程/exe需要与该方法工作的目标具有相同的体系结构。否则，它将返回一个空字符串。

如果您知道如何读取CreateProcess()的打印输出，您可以根据目标可执行文件的体系结构启动相应体系结构的CLI可执行文件。这将意味着依赖多个可执行文件来构建您的项目，这是缓慢的，但根据您的用例，它仍然是可以接受的。显然，这不是理想的，除非您为此经常创建一个新进程，(不是太经常)，不应该使您的程序减慢太多。

"."始终为当前目录。

把你的问题分解成多个问题:

如何在Windows上获得进程工作目录?

这不是指远程进程，所以对于当前进程:

NtCurrentPeb()->ProcessParameters->CurrentDirectory.DosPath

如何在Windows上使用本机API获得进程工作目录(for另一个进程使用进程句柄或PID)?

这可以通过几个已知的和未知的(未记录的)方法和函数来实现。我将暂时不讨论未归档的方法，只提供已归档的函数。

  • 按进程句柄:GetFinalPathNameByHandleA, GetProcessImageFileNameA, QueryFullProcessImageNameA
  • 通过进程名:GetFullPathNameA
  • 按进程PID: OpenProcess + GetModuleFileNameEx
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