使用 C++向 COM 公开托管事件

Exposing managed events to COM using C++

本文关键字:事件 C++ COM 使用      更新时间:2023-10-16

可以公开用 C# 编写的托管事件,以便在使用 C++ 编写的 COM 对象中公开和使用。 对 COM 和 ATL 不太熟悉。您能否展示一下 MSDN 文章中显示的示例C++方面会是什么样

子http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd8bf0x3.aspx

显示的VB6代码证明它是可行的。

C++最简单的方法是 IMO 借助 ATL 的IDispEventImplIDispEventSimpleImpl模板实现事件接收器。可以在此处找到示例项目的解释。

有许多关于如何执行此操作的在线资源,例如这个或这个,但以下是所需步骤的列表:

首先,让我们看一下托管端。

为了提供事件,我们必须执行以下操作:

  • 声明事件接口(基于IDispatch)
  • 使用ComSourceInterfaces属性标记 coclass 以将事件接口绑定到 coclass
  • 在 coclass 中实现匹配事件

下面是托管代码:

[ComVisible(true), 
Guid("D6D3565F-..."), 
InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIDispatch)] //! must be IDispatch
public interface IMyEvents
{
[DispId(1)] // the dispid is used to correctly map the events
void SomethingHappened(DateTime timestamp, string message);
}
[ComVisible(true)]
[Guid("E22E64F7-...")]
[ProgId("...")]
[ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.None)]
[ComSourceInterfaces(typeof(IMyEvents))] // binding the event interface
public class MyComServer : IMyComServer  
{
// here we declare the delegate for the event
[ComVisible(false)]
public delegate void MyEventHandler(DateTime timestamp, string message);
// and a public event which matches the method in IMyEvents
// your code will raise this event when needed
public event MyEventHandler SomethingHappened;
... 
}

现在,回到非托管方面。我将使用 ATL,因为我发现它是编写 COM 客户端的最有效方法,但您可以尝试 MFC 或"手动"执行此操作。

需要执行以下步骤:

  • 接收器将继承IDispEventSimpleImpl(或IDispEventImpl)
  • 声明了包含所有所需方法的接收器映射
  • 为每个事件编写处理程序方法
  • 接收器已注册到事件源
  • 最终,当不再需要时,接收器将断开连接

下面是 ATL C++客户端中的代码:

// import the typelib of your COM server
// 'named_guids' ensures friendly ID of event interface
#import "myserver.tlb" named_guids 
const UINT SINK_ID = 234231341; // we need some sink id
class MyClient : public IDispEventSimpleImpl<SINK_ID, MyClient, &MyServer::DIID_IMyEvents >
{
public:
// now you need to declare a sink map - a map of methods handling the events
BEGIN_SINK_MAP(MyClient)
SINK_ENTRY_INFO(SINK_ID, MyServer::DIID_IMyEvents, 0x1, OnSomethingHappened, &someEvent)
^      ^      ^                   ^
// event interface id (can be more than 1)---+      |      |                   |
// must match dispid of your event -----------------+      |                   |
// method which handles the event  ------------------------+                   |
// type information for event, see below --------------------------------------+
END_SINK_MAP()
// declare the type info object. You will need one for each method with different signature.
// it will be defined in the .cpp file, as it is a static member
static _ATL_FUNC_INFO someEvent;  // 'placeholder' object to carry event information (see below)
// method which handles the event
STDMETHOD (OnSomethingHappened)(DATE timestamp, BSTR message)
{ 
// usually it is defined it in the .cpp file
}
... 

}

现在,我们需要在 cpp 文件中定义类型信息成员(即上面示例中的someEvent实例):

_ATL_FUNC_INFO MyClient::traceEvent = { CC_STDCALL, VT_EMPTY, 2 , {VT_DECIMAL, VT_BSTR} };  // dispid = 1
^        ^     ^              ^
// calling convention (always stdcall) --------+        |     |              |
// type of return value (only VT_EMPTY makes sense) ----+     |              |
// number of parameters to the event -------------------------+              |
// Variant types of event arguments -----------------------------------------+

这可能很棘手,因为类型映射并不总是显而易见的(例如,可能很明显,托管int映射到VT_I4,但不太明显的是DateTime映射到VT_DECIMAL)。 需要声明计划在接收器映射中使用的每个事件 - 如果不需要所有事件,请不要映射它们。

现在,需要将接收器连接到事件源:

// IUnknown* pUnk = interface to you COM server instance
pMyClient->DispEventAdvise(pUnk);
// .. from this point, events will be caught by the client
// when you are done, disconnect:
pMyClient->DispEventUnadvise(pUnk);

就是这样,或多或少。使用IDispEventImpl而不是IDispEventSimpleImpl会导致代码少一点,因为您不需要提供可能是最丑陋部分的类型 info 对象。但是,它有两个缺点:

需要
  • 访问 typelib(因为它需要读取接口元数据才能提供类型信息本身)
  • 有点慢(但我猜不是很明显)

如果你可以使用C++/CLI,你可以只做(来源):

// class that defines methods that will called when event occurs
ref class EventReceiver {
public:
void OnMyClick(int i, double d) {
Console::WriteLine("OnClick: {0}, {1}", i, d);
}
void OnMyDblClick(String^ str) {
Console::WriteLine("OnDblClick: {0}", str);
}
};
int main() {
EventSource ^ MyEventSource = gcnew EventSource();
EventReceiver^ MyEventReceiver = gcnew EventReceiver();
// hook handler to event
MyEventSource->OnClick += gcnew ClickEventHandler(MyEventReceiver, &EventReceiver::OnMyClick);
}

Zdeslav Vojkovic 提出的解决方案对我来说几乎是完整的答案,但是在 Outlook 加载项中实现接收器时,我遇到了稳定性问题。在第一次建议后,系统变得不稳定,并可能在下一次建议时崩溃。对我来说,解决方案是将接收器作为COM对象。

为了简洁起见,我只添加了解决方案的 ATL 端,因为托管代码可以完全按照 Zdeslav Vojkovic 的建议保留。

我在Visual Studio 2017中执行了以下步骤:

创建 ATL 简单对象

  1. 右键单击"项目",然后选择"添加新项>...
  2. 选择 ATL 简单对象,然后单击添加按钮
  3. 在"其他"选项卡中,为"线程模型"选择"单个">
  4. 单击完成

填写接收器接口详细信息

在生成的 idl 中添加用于初始化和关闭的处理程序:

[
object,
uuid(a5211fba-...),
dual,
nonextensible,
pointer_default(unique)
]
interface IMyClient : IDispatch
{
[id(1), helpstring("method InitHandler"), local] HRESULT InitHandler(IUnknown* myserver);
[id(2), helpstring("method ShutdownHandler"), local] HRESULT ShutdownHandler(void); 
};

填写头文件 (MyClient.h)

const UINT SINK_ID = 234231341;
extern _ATL_FUNC_INFO SomethingHappenedInfo;
// LIBID_MyATLComLib should point to the LIBID of the type library 
class ATL_NO_VTABLE CMyClient :
public CComObjectRootEx<CComSingleThreadModel>,
public CComCoClass<CMyClient, &CLSID_MyClient>,
public IDispatchImpl<IMyClient, &IID_IMyClient, &LIBID_MyATLComLib, /*wMajor =*/ 1, /*wMinor =*/ 0>,
public IDispEventSimpleImpl<SINK_ID, CMyClient, &MyServer::DIID_IMyEvents>
{
public:
typedef IDispEventSimpleImpl</*nID =*/ SINK_ID, CMyClient, &MyServer::DIID_IMyEvents> SomethingHappenedEvent;
...
BEGIN_SINK_MAP(CMyClient)
SINK_ENTRY_INFO(SINK_ID, MyServer::DIID_IMyEvents, 0x1, OnSomethingHappened, &SomethingHappenedInfo)
END_SINK_MAP()
...
private:
CComQIPtr<MyServer::IMyComServer> mMyComServer; 
public:    
STDMETHOD(InitHandler)(IUnknown* myserver);
STDMETHOD(ShutdownHandler)(void);
void __stdcall OnSomethingHappened(DateTime timestamp, string message);     
};

一些生成的代码被保留为"...">

填写C++代码(MyClient.cpp)

_ATL_FUNC_INFO SomethingHappenedInfo = { CC_STDCALL, VT_EMPTY, 2 , {VT_DECIMAL, VT_BSTR} };

STDMETHODIMP CMyClient::InitHandler(IUnknown* myserver)
{
this->mMyComServer = myserver;
SomethingHappenedEvent::DispEventAdvise((IDispatch*)this->mMyComServer);
return S_OK;
}

STDMETHODIMP CMyClient::ShutdownHandler(void)
{    
SomethingHappenedEvent::DispEventUnadvise(this->mMyComServer);          
return S_OK;
}
void __stdcall CMyClient::OnSomethingHappened(DateTime timestamp, string message)
{   
...
}

请注意,此处的"建议/取消建议"调用的执行方式不同。