如何将lapack与CMake和Visual 2013联系起来

How to link lapack with CMake and Visual 2013?

本文关键字：Visual 2013 联系 起来 CMake lapack      更新时间：2023-10-16

摘要： 我使用lapack创建了一个简单的c++示例。由于链接错误，我无法使用CMake和Visual Studio 2013编译它

配置：Windows 7 64位、Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64、编译器intel64、CMake 3.1.0、Lapack 3.5.0。

Lapack安装：我使用英特尔的编译器，用CMake构建了Lapack 3.5.0。我激活了除BUILD_ARED_LIBS之外的所有BUILD_*选项。我在发布模式下使用Visual Studio构建。我在安装目录中获得了两个lib文件：blas.lib和lapack.lib.

C++示例：我使用函数ilaver创建了以下简单的C++示例（给出了lapack的版本）。

#include <iostream>
extern "C" { void ilaver_(int* major, int* minor, int* patch); }
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  int major = 0; int minor = 0; int patch = 0;
  ilaver_(&major, &minor, &patch);
  std::cout << major << "." << minor << "." << patch << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt:我还创建了相关的CMakeLists文件：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION "2.8.9")
project(linklapack)
enable_language(C)
enable_language(CXX)
enable_language(Fortran)
set(LAPACK_LIBDIRS "C:/softs/lapack/3.5.0/64/lib")
set(LAPACK_LIBRARIES lapack)
link_directories(${LAPACK_LIBDIRS})
add_executable(GetLapackVersion ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/GetLapackVersion.cpp)
target_link_libraries(GetLapackVersion ${LAPACK_LIBRARIES})
install(TARGETS GetLapackVersion DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})

在Linux下：可以工作。（当然是通过更改到lib的路径）

在Windows下：我使用相同的编译器和相同的Visual Studio配置启动了CMake。我加载了为Visual Studio生成的解决方案，并构建了"GetLapackVersion"目标。然后我得到以下链接错误：

2>GetLapackVersion.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol ilaver_ referenced in function main
2>C:UserscaduchonDocumentsChristophelinklapackBUILDReleaseGetLapackVersion.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals

编辑：Visual Studio中针对目标的链接命令如下：

/OUT:"C:UserscaduchonDocumentsChristophelinklapackBUILDReleaseGetLapackVersion.exe" /MANIFEST /NXCOMPAT /PDB:"C:/Users/caduchon/Documents/Christophe/linklapack/BUILD/Release/GetLapackVersion.pdb" /DYNAMICBASE "kernel32.lib" "user32.lib" "gdi32.lib" "winspool.lib" "shell32.lib" "ole32.lib" "oleaut32.lib" "uuid.lib" "comdlg32.lib" "advapi32.lib" "lapack.lib" /IMPLIB:"C:/Users/caduchon/Documents/Christophe/linklapack/BUILD/Release/GetLapackVersion.lib" /MACHINE:X64 /INCREMENTAL:NO /PGD:"C:UserscaduchonDocumentsChristophelinklapackBUILDReleaseGetLapackVersion.pgd" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /ManifestFile:"GetLapackVersion.dirReleaseGetLapackVersion.exe.intermediate.manifest" /ERRORREPORT:PROMPT /NOLOGO /LIBPATH:"C:/softs/lapack/3.5.0/64/lib" /LIBPATH:"C:/softs/lapack/3.5.0/64/lib/Release" /TLBID:1

我不知道如何解决这个问题。。。提前感谢您的帮助。

回答我自己的问题。

正如鲁本布所预料的那样，这些符号并没有像预期的那样出现在图书馆里。该问题被记录为"Fortran名称混乱"。为了用CMake检测库的配置，我修改了我的测试示例如下：

#include <iostream>
#if defined LapackNameManglingUpper
#define ilaver ILAVER
#elif defined LapackNameManglingLower
#define ilaver ilaver
#elif defined LapackNameManglingUBack
#define ilaver ilaver_
#elif defined LapackNameMangling2UBack
#define ilaver ilaver__
#elif defined LapackNameManglingUFront
#define ilaver _ilaver
#endif
extern "C" { void ilaver(int* major, int* minor, int* patch); }
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  int major = 0; int minor = 0; int patch = 0;
  ilaver(&major, &minor, &patch);
  std::cout << major << "." << minor << "." << patch << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

然后，我可以通过尝试使用附加参数-DLapackNameManglingConfig:编译代码来检测CMake的良好配置

set(NAME_MANGLING_OPTIONS
  "NameManglingUpper"
  "NameManglingLower"
  "NameManglingUBack"
  "NameMangling2UBack"
  "NameManglingUFront")
set(LAPACK_NAME_MANGLING "")
foreach(NAME_MANGLING_OPTION IN LISTS NAME_MANGLING_OPTIONS)
  set(LAPACK_NAME_MANGLING "${NAME_MANGLING_OPTION}")
  set(TRY_MANGLING_LIBRARY_DIRS ${Lapack_LIBRARY_DIRS} ${Compiler_LIBRARY_DIRS})
  set(TRY_MANGLING_LIBRARIES ${Lapack_LIBRARIES} ${Fortran_LIBRARIES})
  try_compile(TRY_MANGLING_OPTION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tmpLapack ${CMAKE_MODULES_DIR}/GetLapackVersion.cpp
              CMAKE_FLAGS "-DLINK_DIRECTORIES=${TRY_MANGLING_LIBRARY_DIRS}" "-DLINK_LIBRARIES=${TRY_MANGLING_LIBRARIES}"
              COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "-DLapack${NAME_MANGLING_OPTION}")
  if(TRY_MANGLING_OPTION)
    set(LAPACK_NAME_MANGLING "Lapack${NAME_MANGLING_OPTION}")
    break()
  endif()
endforeach()
if(LAPACK_NAME_MANGLING STREQUAL "")
  message(SEND_ERROR "Impossible to detect Fortran name mangling...")
else()
  message(STATUS "Lapack: detected Fortran name mangling: ${LAPACK_NAME_MANGLING}")
  add_definitions("-D${LAPACK_NAME_MANGLING}")
endif()
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