在Raspberry Pi模拟输出上接收和播放原始PCM的ALSA配置

Configuration for ALSA Receiving and Playing Raw PCM on Raspberry Pi Analogue Output

本文关键字:原始 播放 PCM 配置 ALSA Pi Raspberry 模拟输出      更新时间:2023-10-16

我已经使用PulseAudio和Qt5.4的QAudioOutput成功地在树莓派的3.5mm耳机插孔模拟输出上播放了音频。音频正通过具有8位样本的8KHz的XBee链路从远程麦克风成功传输。

PulseAudio有一个巨大的延迟,所以我决定链接到libasound(ALSA)并直接播放音频。我的代码在下面,成功地打开并播放了声音,但它几乎无法识别,有很多噼啪声和吱吱声。如果我对着远程麦克风说话,我很快就会听到Pi耳机里的刮擦声和吱吱声(但这不是很好的音频)。我想我的参数搞砸了。

1.)数据在BigEndian中传输-QAudioOutput允许您通知它样本是BigEndian。但是这些都是U8样本,所以我需要担心endianness吗?2.)你能看到我下面的配置有什么问题吗?3.)对于Pi上的输出,我如何计算ALSA的片段大小?4.)有人能解释一下我应该如何将缓冲区写入音频设备吗?

谢谢!

这是我的代码:

UdpReceiver::UdpReceiver(QObject *parent) :
    QObject(parent)
{
    // Debug
    qDebug() << "Setting up a UDP Socket...";
    // Create a socket
    m_Socket = new QUdpSocket(this);
    // Bind to the 2616 port
    bool didBind = m_Socket->bind(QHostAddress::Any, 0x2616);
    if ( !didBind ) {
        qDebug() << "Error - could not bind to UDP Port!";
    }
    else {
        qDebug() << "Success binding to port 0x2616!";
    }
    // Get notified that data is incoming to the socket
    connect(m_Socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readyRead()));
    // Init to Zero
    m_NumberUDPPacketsReceived = 0;
}
void UdpReceiver::readyRead() {
    // When data comes in
    QByteArray buffer;
    buffer.resize(m_Socket->pendingDatagramSize());
    QHostAddress sender;
    quint16 senderPort;
    // Cap buffer size
    int lenToRead = buffer.size();
    if ( buffer.size() > NOMINAL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE ) {
        lenToRead = NOMINAL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE;
    }
    // Read the data from the UDP Port
    m_Socket->readDatagram(buffer.data(), lenToRead,
                         &sender, &senderPort);
    // Kick off audio playback
    if ( m_NumberUDPPacketsReceived == 0 ) {
        qDebug() << "Received Data - Setting up ALSA Now....";
        // Error handling
        int err;
        // Device to Write to
        char *snd_device_out  = "hw:0,0";
        if ((err = snd_pcm_open (&playback_handle, snd_device_out, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot open audio device %s (%s)n",
                    snd_device_out,
                    snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc (&hw_params)) < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot allocate hardware parameter structure (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any (playback_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot initialize hardware parameter structure (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access (playback_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)) < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot set access type (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format (playback_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8)) < 0) { // Unsigned 8 bit
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample format (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        uint sample_rate = 8000;
        if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near (playback_handle, hw_params, &sample_rate, 0)) < 0) { // 8 KHz
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample rate (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels (playback_handle, hw_params, 1)) < 0) { // 1 Channel Mono
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot set channel count (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params (playback_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot set parameters (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        snd_pcm_hw_params_free (hw_params);
        // Flush handle prepare for playback
        snd_pcm_drop(playback_handle);
        if ((err = snd_pcm_prepare (playback_handle)) < 0) {
            fprintf (stderr, "cannot prepare audio interface for use (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (err));
            exit (1);
        }
        qDebug() << "Done Setting up ALSA....";
    }
    // Grab the buffer
    m_Buffer = buffer.data();
    // Write the data to the ALSA device
    int error;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        if ((error = snd_pcm_writei (playback_handle, m_Buffer, NOMINAL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE)) != NOMINAL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE) {
            fprintf (stderr, "write to audio interface failed (%s)n",
                     snd_strerror (error));
            exit (1);
        }
    }
    // Count up
    m_NumberUDPPacketsReceived++;
}
  1. 没有
  2. snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near()将速率更改为最接近的支持速率。你可能不想那样
  3. ALSA没有片段大小。

    它有缓冲区和周期大小;您需要根据您的时间要求设置它们(请参阅ALSA:扬声器和麦克风的周期大小之间的关系)。

  4. 您不能简单地输出接收到的样本;您必须将它们重新采样到播放设备的速度(即使使用相同的标称采样率,也不完全相同)