c++显示虚部为I的复数

c++ display complex number with i in imaginary part

本文关键字:显示 虚部 c++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我要做的是:

int real_part, imaginary_part;
cout<<"Please enter realpart and imaginary part"<<endl;
cin>>real_part;
cin>>imaginary_part;
complex<double> mycomplex (real_part, imaginary_part);
cout<<mycomplex<<endl; // I want to display like -2+5i but I get (-2, 5)

我是c++新手

如何像-2+5i一样显示i ?或者我必须添加i字符与虚部?

您可以使用std::real()std::imag()按照自己的喜好进行格式化,参见此处的complex。

当然,您必须自己检查是否有符号。

像这样:

std::cout
   << std::real(mycomplex)
   << (std::imag(mycomplex) >= 0.0 ? "+" : "")
   << std::imag(mycomplex)
   << " i"
   << std::endl;

你可以简单地写:

cout<< mycomplex.real << std::showpos << mycomplex.imag << "i" << endl;

为了与另一个答案完整。您可以使用std::showpos更容易地将输出格式化为带符号的

内容。
cout << real(mycomplex) << std::showpos << imag(mycomplex) << "i";

如果你感觉真的很狡猾,或者正在使用库,你不想或不能修改到处(即我用这个来打印特征矩阵在一个八度/matlab兼容格式),你可以专门为你的类型的放置操作符之前,包括<complex>。我怀疑这是违反标准的,因为它在std::中很混乱,但它在g++(7.3.1)和clang++(5.0)中工作:

/*
 * this stuff can go in a header to make std::complex<> available
 */
typedef double real_t;
#include <iostream>
#define SPECIALIZED_COMPLEX_PUTTO
#ifdef SPECIALIZED_COMPLEX_PUTTO
#ifdef _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD // for clang++ libs
_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#else
namespace std {
#endif
template <typename T> class complex;
template <class T, class CharT, class Traits>
std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>&
operator<<(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& os,
  const std::complex<T>& x);
// specialization for real_t, instantiate later
template<>
basic_ostream<char>&
operator<<(basic_ostream<char> & o, const complex<real_t> & x);
#ifdef _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD // for clang++
_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
#else
}
#endif

#include <complex>
/*
 * below here can go in a .cpp file
 */
#ifdef SPECIALIZED_COMPLEX_PUTTO
#ifdef _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD // for clang++ libs
_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#else
namespace std {
#endif
template<>
basic_ostream<char>&
operator<<(basic_ostream<char> & o, const complex<real_t> & x)
{
  basic_ostringstream<char> s;
  s.flags(o.flags());
  s.imbue(o.getloc());
  s.precision(o.precision());
  s << x.real() << std::showpos << x.imag() << 'i';
  return o << s.str();
}
#ifdef _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD // for clang++
_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
#else
}
#endif

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  std::complex<real_t> x(1.1,-2.2);
  std::cout << x << "n";
}

输出
1.1-2.2i

的另一个例子是main():

#include <Eigen/Dense>
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  Eigen::Matrix<std::complex<real_t>, 3,3> x;
  Eigen::IOFormat OctaveFmt(Eigen::StreamPrecision, 0, ", ", ";n", "", "", "[", "]");
  //srand((unsigned int) time(0));
  x.setRandom();
  std::cout << x.format(OctaveFmt) << "n";
}

以适合复制/粘贴到octave/matlab的格式输出矩阵:

[  0.680375-0.211234i,  -0.329554+0.536459i, -0.270431+0.0268018i;
    0.566198+0.59688i,   -0.444451+0.10794i,    0.904459+0.83239i;
   0.823295-0.604897i, -0.0452059+0.257742i,   0.271423+0.434594i]

编辑:为苹果clang库添加宏