c++不识别.h声明

C++ not recognizing .h declarations

本文关键字:声明 识别 c++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我已经在creature.h (public)中声明了以下函数:

void _hop();
void _turn(size_t way);
void _infect();
Point _facing();
bool _isEmpty();
bool _wall();
bool _same();

然后它们在。cc中的实现(为了简洁,我删除了一堆代码):

void Creature::_hop(){
 CODE
}
Point Creature::_facing(){
  CODE
}
void Creature::_infect(){
  CODE
}
bool Creature::_isEmpty(){
 CODE
}
bool Creature::_wall(){
 CODE
}
bool Creature::_same(){
 CODE
}

但是在编译后我得到这些错误:

creature.cc:25: error: no 'void Creature::_hop()' member function declared in class 'Creature'
creature.cc:54: error: no 'void Creature::_turn(size_t)' member function declared in class 'Creature'
creature.cc:88: error: no 'geometry::Point Creature::_facing()' member function declared in class 'Creature'
creature.cc:105: error: no 'void Creature::_infect()' member function declared in class 'Creature'
creature.cc:114: error: no 'bool Creature::_isEmpty()' member function declared in class 'Creature'
creature.cc:121: error: no 'bool Creature::_wall()' member function declared in class 'Creature'
creature.cc:127: error: no 'bool Creature::_same()' member function declared in class 'Creature'

很多其他的函数都很好读,但是这些函数没有得到任何爱。?????

编辑:

不确定是否有反对票,可能是因为你们认为我没有a)把它包括在生物类中,或者b) #包括"creature.h"。我两个都做了,只是没有把它包括在问题中,因为我认为这是显而易见的。

编辑2:你想要。cc和。h?天啊。

CREATURE.H:

 #ifndef CREATURE
 #define CREATURE
 class Creature {
  public:
   // Constructor (note there is no need for a destructor.)
   Creature();
   Creature(Species *species,World *world,Point pt,Direction d);    
   // takeOneTurn executes lines of this creature's species program,
   // beginning on programLine and continuing until a HOP, LEFT, RIGHT, or 
   // INFECT is executed.
   void takeOneTurn();
   // getters and setters do the obvious things.
   Species *getSpecies();
   Direction getDirection();
   // use this to initialize and infect.  It also sets programLine to 1. 
   void setSpecies(Species * s); 
   void _hop();
   void _turn(size_t way);
   void _infect();
   Point _facing();
   bool _isEmpty();
   bool _wall();
   bool _same();
  private:
   Species *species;   // pointer to this creature's species
   World *world;       // a pointer to the world in which this 
                       // creature is located.
   Point loc;          // where in the world this creature is located
   Direction dir;      // current direction this creature is facing
   size_t programLine; // current program line  
 };
 #endif

生物。CC

 #include "creature.h"
 #include <cstdlib>
 Creature::Creature(Species *s, World *w,Point pt,Direction d){
   world = w;
   species = s;
   loc = pt;
   dir = d;
   programLine = 0;
 }

 Species* Creature::getSpecies(){
   return species;
 }
 Direction Creature::getDirection(){
   return dir;
 }
 void Creature::setSpecies(Species* s){
   species = s;
 }
 void Creature::_hop(){
   switch(dir){
   case NORTH:
     if(!world->getContents(Point(loc.col,loc.row+1))){
       world->setContents(loc, NULL);
       world->setContents(Point(loc.col,loc.row+1), this);
     }
     break;
   case SOUTH:
     if(!world->getContents(Point(loc.col,loc.row-1))){
       world->setContents(loc, NULL);
       world->setContents(Point(loc.col,loc.row-1), this);
     }
     break;
   case EAST:
     if(!world->getContents(Point(loc.col+1,loc.row))){
       world->setContents(loc, NULL);
       world->setContents(Point(loc.col+1,loc.row), this);
     }
     break;
   case WEST:
     if(!world->getContents(Point(loc.col-1,loc.row))){
       world->setContents(loc, NULL);
       world->setContents(Point(loc.col-1,loc.row), this);
     }
     break;
   }
 }
 void Creature::_turn(size_t way){
   if(way == 0){
     switch(dir){
     case NORTH:
       dir = WEST;
       return;
     case WEST:
       dir = SOUTH;
       return;
     case SOUTH:
       dir = EAST;
       return;
     case EAST:
       dir = NORTH;
       return;
     }
   } else {
     switch(dir){
     case NORTH:
       dir = EAST;
       return;
     case WEST:
       dir = NORTH;
       return;
     case SOUTH:
       dir = WEST;
       return;
     case EAST:
       dir = SOUTH;
       return;
     }
   }
 }
 Point Creature::_facing(){
   switch(dir){
   case NORTH:
     return Point(loc.col,loc.row+1);
     break;
   case WEST:
     return Point(loc.col-1,loc.row);
     break;
   case SOUTH:
     return Point(loc.col,loc.row-1);
     break;
   case EAST:
     return Point(loc.col+1,loc.row);
     break;
   }
 }
 void Creature::_infect(){
   Point facing = _facing();
   if(!world->inRange(facing))return;
   Creature* enemy = world->getContents(facing);
   if(!enemy) return;
   enemy->setSpecies(species);
   world->setContents(facing, enemy);
 }
 bool Creature::_isEmpty(){
   Point facing = _facing();
   if(!world->inRange(facing))return false;
   if(!world->getContents(facing)) return true;
   return false;
 }
 bool Creature::_wall(){
   Point facing = _facing();
   if(!world->inRange(facing))return true;
   return false;
 }
 bool Creature::_same(){
   Point facing = _facing();
   if(!world->inRange(facing))return true;
   if(!world->getContents(facing)) return false;
   Creature* enemy = world->getContents(facing);
   return (enemy->species == species);
 }
 bool _random(){
   int k =  random();
   return (k%2);
 }
 void Creature::takeOneTurn(){
   Instruction whatToDo = species->programStep(programLine);
   switch(whatToDo.op){
   case HOP:
     _hop();
     programLine++;
     break;
   case LEFT:
     _turn(0);
     programLine++;
     break;
   case RIGHT:
     _turn(1);
     programLine++;
     break;
   case INFECT:
     _infect();
     programLine++;
     break;
   case IFEMPTY:
     if(_isEmpty()){
       programLine = whatToDo.line;
       takeOneTurn();
     }
     break;
   case IFWALL:
     if(_wall()){
       programLine = whatToDo.line;
       takeOneTurn();
     }
     break;
   case IFSAME:
     if(_same()){
       programLine = whatToDo.line;
       takeOneTurn();
     }
     break;
   case GO:
     programLine = whatToDo.line;
     takeOneTurn();
     break;
   case IFRANDOM:
     if(_random()) programLine = whatToDo.line;
     else programLine++;
     takeOneTurn();
     break;
   }
 }

唷!

你所描述的应该很好,所以我们不得不假设你的描述不完全符合现实。

具体来说,下面的代码可以很好地编译和运行:

pax$ cat creature.h
class Creature {
    public:
        void _hop();
};
pax$ cat creature.cc
#include <iostream>
#include "creature.h"
void Creature::_hop() {
    std::cout << "Hopn";
}
int main (void) {
    Creature c;
    c._hop();
    return 0;
}
pax$ rm creature ; g++ -o creature creature.cc ; ./creature
Hop

既然那个成绩单显示了你似乎在做什么,我的建议是发布你的实际代码进行分析,包括完整的头文件和几乎完整的源文件(你可以留在CODE标记,因为它们不会影响这个特定的问题,但看到include语句等东西会很有用)。

最好的问题报告应该是:

  • 期望行为。
  • 实际行为
  • 显示错误行为的小完整程序。

基于你的代码更新(并假设他们是完整的),你有问题,size_t, Species, World, PointDirection实际上不是定义之前,你包括creature.h在你的creature.cc文件。

这会导致Creature类的创建在第二个构造函数上失败,因此它不知道关于该类。然后,当您尝试为所述类定义实际代码时,编译器(正确地)抱怨它不存在。

当我添加一个非常小的main到你的代码,并试图编译,我得到这些头文件问题:

In file included from creature.cc:1:
creature.h:5: error: expected `)' before '*' token
creature.h:13: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of 'Species' with no type
creature.h:13: error: expected ';' before '*' token
creature.h:14: error: 'Direction' does not name a type
creature.h:16: error: 'Species' has not been declared
creature.h:18: error: 'size_t' has not been declared
creature.h:20: error: 'Point' does not name a type
creature.h:26: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of 'Species' with no type
creature.h:26: error: expected ';' before '*' token
creature.h:27: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of 'World' with no type
creature.h:27: error: expected ';' before '*' token
creature.h:29: error: 'Point' does not name a type
creature.h:30: error: 'Direction' does not name a type
creature.h:31: error: 'size_t' does not name a type

是由这些非定义引起的。

然后我看到了你所描述的那种错误,比如:

creature.cc:129: error: 'world' was not declared in this scope
creature.cc:129: error: 'facing' was not declared in this scope
creature.cc:130: error: 'world' was not declared in this scope
creature.cc:130: error: 'facing' was not declared in this scope
creature.cc:131: error: 'world' was not declared in this scope
creature.cc:131: error: 'facing' was not declared in this scope
creature.cc:132: error: 'class Creature' has no member named 'species'
creature.cc:132: error: 'species' was not declared in this scope

(只是多页输出中的一个示例)。

您需要确保在包含creature.h之前包含了定义这些类型的头文件。理想情况下,creature.h会自己做这件事,而不是依赖于使用它来做这件事的任何东西。

size_t可以在<cstring>中找到,其他需要自己找到。例如,放置:

#include <cstring>
typedef int Species;
typedef int World;
typedef int Point;
typedef int Direction;
头文件顶部的

消除了所有这些错误——它引入了大量的其他错误,因为typedef语句是错误的,但我只是在说明你需要在这里做什么。

找出那些其他的东西是在哪里定义的,并包括它们,与<cstring>一起,在creature.h的顶部

看起来你想写一个类。您必须将函数声明放在类声明中,然后将头文件包含在源文件中。

Creature.h

class Creature {
private: // assuming these are private functions
    void _hop();
    void _turn(size_t way);
    void _infect();
    Point _facing();
    bool _isEmpty();
    bool _wall();
    bool _same();
}; // don't forget the ;

Creature.cc

#include "Creature.h"
... your original Creature.cc  contents ...

如果你不是在写一个类,而是一系列的自由函数,把Creature::从你的Creature.cc函数名中去掉

你的头文件说这些函数是独立的,但是你的源文件说它们属于"Creature"类。至少,您需要:

  • 用一个结构体或类包围你的声明

    结构生物{.…你的函数声明…};

  • 从你的cpp文件中删除Creature::

最后,以非核心开头的函数名是不好的做法。不要这样做。

class Creature {

尝试添加以下内容:

#error The class declaration for Creature is indeed being compiled

看看是否会产生错误。如果没有,那么我怀疑你的头部防护有问题。

您的标题保护宏名称应该比CREATURE长。CREATURE宏很容易在其他地方(比如库中)被意外地定义,从而弄乱您的标题保护。如果你的项目名称是"Monster Mash",那么你的creature.h的标题保护应该是复杂的:MONSTER_MASH_CREATURE_HMONSTER_MASH_CREATURE_INCLUDE。这样,别人已经定义了您的标题保护宏的可能性极小。

移动#include "creature.h"到你的生物包含列表的顶部。cc文件。然后,修复编译错误(未定义类型'Point'等),然后重试。h文件需要包含或前向声明它使用的所有类型,否则你会遇到奇怪的问题。

我还支持在Creature类声明上方放置#error的建议,以确保Creature不会以某种方式在其他地方被定义(从而强制跳过类声明)。您可能希望头文件有一个更独特的头——我自己的约定是_CREATURE_H_

无论如何,结果是大多数这类bug都是由其他地方的问题引起的,而症状与原因只有很小的关系。唉,c++充满了这些陷阱。