从函数返回泛型数据

Return Generic Type data from function

本文关键字：数据 泛型 返回 函数      更新时间：2023-10-16

我编写了以下代码。函数func()打印头文件和数据。

class ICell
{
    public:
        wstring header;
        virtual void Fetch() = 0;
};
template <class T>
class Cell : public ICell
{
public:
    //wstring header;
    T data;
    void Fetch()
    {
        wcout<< header << L": ";
        cout<<data<<endl;
    }
  // implementation of cell methods
};
class Row
{
public:
  vector <ICell *> cells;
};

是否有任何方法可以返回数据而不是在函数中打印?如果是这样，应该修改代码的哪一部分?提前谢谢。

int main()
{
    Cell<int>c1;
    Cell<double>c2;
    c1.header = L"Roll", c1.data = 100;
    c2.header = L"CGPA", c2.data = 3.5;
    Row r;
    r.cells.push_back(&c1);
    r.cells.push_back(&c2);
    vector <ICell *>::iterator it;
    for(it=r.cells.begin();it!=r.cells.end();it++)
    {
        //checkt type of it wherther it points Cell<int> or Cell<double>
    }
    return 0;
}

我把问题改了一下。在main()内循环我怎么能检查对象类型是由"它"指向?

感谢大家的耐心和帮助:)

最简单的方法是使用dynamic_cast:

vector <ICell *>::iterator it;
for(it=r.cells.begin();it!=r.cells.end();it++)
{
    Cell<int>* cell_i= dynamic_cast<Cell<int>*>(*it);
    if(cell_i)
    {
       do_something(cell_i->data);
       continue;
    }
    Cell<double>* cell_d= dynamic_cast<Cell<double>*>(*it);
    if(cell_d)
    {
       do_something(cell_d->data);
       continue;
    } 
}

更好的方法是使用访问者模式:

class ICellVisitor; //declaration for ICell to understand ICell* pointer
class ICell
{   public:
    ~ICell(){}; // important
    std::wstring header;
    virtual void visit( ICellVisitor* v ) = 0;
};
template <class T> class Cell; // for Cell<T>* pointer
class ICellVisitor
{   public:
    virtual void visit( Cell<int>* c ) = 0;
    virtual void visit( Cell<double>* c ) = 0;
    virtual void visit( Cell<float>* c ) = 0;
    virtual void visit( Cell<long long>* c ) = 0;
};
template <class T> class Cell : public ICell
{   public:
    //wstring header;
    T data;
    void visit( ICellVisitor* v )
    {
        std::wcout<< header << L": ";
        v->visit(this);
    }
  // implementation of cell methods
};
class Row
{ public:
  std::vector <ICell *> cells;
};

现在我们需要定义具体的访问者来保持每种类型的算法:

class MyCellVisitor: public ICellVisitor
{   public:
    void visit( Cell<int>* c ){ 
        std::wcout<<"(int)"<<c->data<<std::endl; 
    }
    void visit( Cell<double>* c ){ 
        std::wcout<<"(double)"<<c->data<<std::endl;
    }
    void visit( Cell<float>* c ){ 
        std::wcout<<"(float)"<<c->data<<std::endl;
    }
    void visit( Cell<long long>* c ){ 
        std::wcout<<"(long long)"<<c->data<<std::endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    Cell<int>c1;
    Cell<double>c2;
    c1.header = L"Roll", c1.data = 100;
    c2.header = L"CGPA", c2.data = 3.5;
    Row r;
    r.cells.push_back(&c1);
    r.cells.push_back(&c2);
    MyCellVisitor visitor;
    std::vector <ICell *>::iterator it;
    for(it=r.cells.begin();it!=r.cells.end();it++)
    {
        (*it)->visit( &visitor );
    }
    return 0;
}
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