使用IFORT和nvcc和CUSP的未解析引用

Unresolved references using IFORT with nvcc and CUSP

本文关键字：引用 CUSP IFORT nvcc 使用      更新时间：2023-10-16

我有一个像这样编译的程序:

(...) Some ifort *.f -c
nvcc -c src/bicgstab.cu -o bicgstab.o -I/home/ricardo/apps/cusp/cusplibrary
(...) Some more *.for -c
ifort *.o -L/usr/local/cuda-5.5/lib64 -lcudart -lcublas -lcusparse -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_intel_thread -lmkl_core -openmp -o program

一切都很好，直到我添加了CUSP支持，我有这个包装器(bgstab .cu):

#include <cusp/csr_matrix.h>
#include <cusp/krylov/bicgstab.h>
#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C" {
#endif
void bicgstab_(int * device_I, int * device_J, float * device_V, float * device_x, float * device_b, int N, int NNZ){
    // *NOTE* raw pointers must be wrapped with thrust::device_ptr!
    thrust::device_ptr<int> wrapped_device_I(device_I);
    thrust::device_ptr<int> wrapped_device_J(device_J);
    thrust::device_ptr<float> wrapped_device_V(device_V);
    thrust::device_ptr<float> wrapped_device_x(device_x);
    thrust::device_ptr<float> wrapped_device_b(device_b);
    // use array1d_view to wrap the individual arrays
    typedef typename cusp::array1d_view< thrust::device_ptr<int> > DeviceIndexArrayView;
    typedef typename cusp::array1d_view< thrust::device_ptr<float> > DeviceValueArrayView;
    DeviceIndexArrayView row_indices (wrapped_device_I, wrapped_device_I + (N+1));
    DeviceIndexArrayView column_indices(wrapped_device_J, wrapped_device_J + NNZ);
    DeviceValueArrayView values (wrapped_device_V, wrapped_device_V + NNZ);
    DeviceValueArrayView x (wrapped_device_x, wrapped_device_x + N);
    DeviceValueArrayView b (wrapped_device_b, wrapped_device_b + N);
    // combine the three array1d_views into a csr_matrix_view
    typedef cusp::csr_matrix_view<DeviceIndexArrayView,
    DeviceIndexArrayView,
    DeviceValueArrayView> DeviceView;
    // construct a csr_matrix_view from the array1d_views
    DeviceView A(N, N, NNZ, row_indices, column_indices, values);
    // set stopping criteria:
    // iteration_limit = 100
    // relative_tolerance = 1e-5
    cusp::verbose_monitor<float> monitor(b, 100, 1e-5);
    // solve the linear system A * x = b with the Conjugate Gradient method
    cusp::krylov::bicgstab(A, x, b, monitor);
}
#if defined(__cplusplus)
}
#endif

Nvcc编译并生成对象，但在最后一个命令中，当我将所有链接在一起时，由于链接出现了一堆错误:

ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __gxx_personality_v0
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVSt9exception
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVSt9bad_alloc
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZdlPv
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_guard_acquire
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSaIcEC1Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsC1EPKcRKSaIcE
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_guard_release
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsD1Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSaIcED1Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_guard_abort
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsC1ERKSs
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt13runtime_errorD2Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_call_unexpected
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt13runtime_errorC2ERKSs
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsC1Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSs5emptyEv
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSt13runtime_error4whatEv
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsaSEPKc
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSspLEPKc
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSspLERKSs
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_begin_catch
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_end_catch
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSs5c_strEv
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSt9bad_alloc4whatEv
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt9bad_allocD2Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_allocate_exception
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_free_exception
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_throw
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt9exceptionD2Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZSt4cout
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEf
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEm
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZSt9terminatev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZStlsIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_St5_Setw
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEPFRSt8ios_baseS0_E
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt9bad_allocD1Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTISt9bad_alloc
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_pure_virtual
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTISt9exception
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTISt13runtime_error
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
        Referenced in bicgstab.o

我相信这是因为努力是添加或删除下划线，添加小写/大写或其他任何东西，因为文件正在编译写，如果我在程序外生成二进制文件，只是为了测试，它工作得很好。

提前非常感谢!

当涉及多个文件时，ipo相当复杂。它实际上是在链接时在所有模块上重新运行编译器。我不是这方面的专家，但这听起来是相当困难的事情。

一个可能的选择可能是你尝试编译你的cuda代码到一个共享库(.so)，并链接到它。它应该防止英特尔编译器工具链试图针对nvcc/gcc生成的代码重新编译和优化。我认为这将限制你的"单文件优化"。不知道这是否会显著影响你的表现。

使用这里的示例，我将修改编译命令如下:

$ nvcc -Xcompiler="-fPIC" -shared bicgstab.cu -o bicgstab.so -I/home-2/robertc/misc/cusp/cusplibrary-master
$ ifort -c -fast bic.f90
$ ifort bic.o bicgstab.so -L/shared/apps/cuda/CUDA-v6.0.37/lib64 -lcudart  -o program
ipo: remark #11001: performing single-file optimizations
ipo: remark #11006: generating object file /tmp/ipo_ifortxEdpin.o
$

您没有指出在编译过程中添加-fast开关的位置。如果只在ifort编译命令上，我相信上面的方法可以工作。如果在link命令上也想要/需要它，那么看起来ifort想要构建一个完全静态链接的可执行文件(并进行模块间优化…)，使用上述过程将无法工作。

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