将虚拟功能放入家庭

Putting virtual functions into a family

本文关键字:家庭 功能 虚拟      更新时间:2023-10-16

给定

class A {
    public:
        virtual int foo (int) const = 0;
        virtual void bar (char, double) const = 0;
};
class B : public A {
    virtual int foo (int) const {std::cout << "B::foo() called.n";  return 3;}
    virtual void bar () const {std::cout << "B::bar() called.n";}
};
class C : public B {
    virtual int foo (int) const {std::cout << "C::foo() called.n";  return 8;}
    virtual void bar (char, double) const {std::cout << "C::bar() called.n";}
};

我想把foobar(以及A的其他虚拟函数(放入一个函数的模板族中。以下是我到目前为止的想法:

#include <iostream>
enum Enum {Foo, Bar};
template <Enum> struct EnumTraits;
template <> struct EnumTraits<Foo> { using return_type = int; };
template <> struct EnumTraits<Bar> { using return_type = void; };
class A {
    template <Enum> class Execute;
public:
    virtual int foo (int) const = 0;
    virtual void bar (char, double) const = 0;
    template <Enum E, typename... Args>
    typename EnumTraits<E>::return_type execute(Args&&... args) const {
        return Execute<E>(this)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
};
template <>
class A::Execute<Foo> {
    const A* a;
public:
    Execute (const A* a_) : a(a_) {}
    template <typename... Args>
    int operator()(Args&&... args) const {return a->foo(std::forward<Args>(args)...);}
};
template <>
class A::Execute<Bar> {
    const A* a;
public:
    Execute (const A* a_) : a(a_) {}
    template <typename... Args>
    void operator()(Args&&... args) const {a->bar(std::forward<Args>(args)...);}
};
class B : public A {
    virtual int foo (int) const {std::cout << "B::foo() called.n";  return 3;}
    virtual void bar () const {std::cout << "B::bar() called.n";}
};
class C : public B {
    virtual int foo (int) const {std::cout << "C::foo() called.n";  return 8;}
    virtual void bar (char, double) const {std::cout << "C::bar() called.n";}
};
int main() {
    A* c = new C;
    int n = c->foo(5);  // C::foo() called.
    c->bar(3, 'c');  // C::bar() called.
    n = c->execute<Foo>(5);  // C::foo() called.
    c->execute<Bar>(3, 'c');  // C::bar() called.
}

但是专用化A::Execute<Foo>A::Execute<Bar>看起来几乎相同,并且理想情况下应该保持非专用化(特别是如果除了foobar之外还有许多其他虚拟函数(。写的类似于:

template <Enum N>
class A::Execute {
    const A* a;
public:
    Execute (const A* a_) : a(a_) {}
    template <typename... Args>
    int operator()(Args&&... args) const {return a->???(std::forward<Args>(args)...);}
};

如何填写???部分理想情况下,我希望使用已经存在的EnumTraits类。

这是我的尝试。我已经将enum替换为用作标签的struct,将EnumTraits替换为TagTraits。我更喜欢struct方法,因为它允许在不影响现有标签的情况下添加新标签。

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
template <typename T> struct TagTraits;
// Generic implementation of A based on TagTraits.
class A {
   template <typename Tag, typename... Args>
      class Execute {
         const A* a;
         public:
         Execute (const A* a_) : a(a_) {}
         typename TagTraits<Tag>::return_type operator()(Args&&... args) const
         {
            return (a->*(TagTraits<Tag>::get_funtion_ptr()))(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
         }
      };
   public:
   virtual int foo (int) const = 0;
   virtual void bar (char, double) const = 0;
   template <typename Tag, typename... Args>
      typename TagTraits<Tag>::return_type execute(Args&&... args) const
      {
         return Execute<Tag, Args...>(this)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
      }
};

// tag for foo and the corresponding TagTraits
struct foo_tag {};
template <> struct TagTraits<foo_tag>
{ 
   using return_type = int;
   static decltype(&A::foo) get_funtion_ptr(){ return &A::foo;}
};

// tag for bar and the corresponding TagTraits
struct bar_tag {};
template <> struct TagTraits<bar_tag>
{
   using return_type = void;
   static decltype(&A::bar) get_funtion_ptr(){ return &A::bar;}
};

// Derived classes of A.
class B : public A {
   virtual int foo (int) const {std::cout << "B::foo() called.n";  return 3;}
   virtual void bar (char, double) const {std::cout << "B::bar() called.n";}
};
class C : public B {
   virtual int foo (int) const {std::cout << "C::foo() called.n";  return 8;}
   virtual void bar (char, double) const {std::cout << "C::bar() called.n";}
};

// Test B
void test_B()
{
   A* aPtr = new B;
   int n = aPtr->foo(5);  // B::foo() called.
   aPtr->bar(3, 'c');  // B::bar() called.
   n = aPtr->execute<foo_tag>(5);  // B::foo() called.
   aPtr->execute<bar_tag>(3, 'c');  // B::bar() called.
}
// Test C
void test_C()
{
   A* aPtr = new C;
   int n = aPtr->foo(5);  // C::foo() called.
   aPtr->bar(3, 'c');  // C::bar() called.
   n = aPtr->execute<foo_tag>(5);  // C::foo() called.
   aPtr->execute<bar_tag>(3, 'c');  // C::bar() called.
}
int main()
{
   test_B();
   test_C();
}

输出:

B::foo() called.
B::bar() called.
B::foo() called.
B::bar() called.
C::foo() called.
C::bar() called.
C::foo() called.
C::bar() called.

不能将继承和多态性与模板元编程结合起来。您要做的是使用编译时机制来调用正确的函数。虽然这是可能的,但您不能取消引用指针来调用正确的函数,并期望它在编译时运行。

从本质上讲,您所做的是在继承层次结构中封装部分模板专门化的层次结构。这有点令人困惑。如果取消引用具有继承层次结构的指针,则调用将通过在虚拟表中查找来解析。

您也可以调用模板编译时调度,但这会有点不同。您需要使用SFINAE来创建一个接口并从那里开始工作