施瓦茨计数器和可变模板

Schwarz Counter and variadic template

本文关键字:计数器 施瓦茨      更新时间:2023-10-16

对于从未听说过"Schwarz Counter"的人,请参阅此维基百科页面。

我试图用c++ 11模板实现这个习惯用法,一切都很好,除了模板参数不是默认可构造的时候。这是我的实现:(见问题的代码注释)

#include <type_traits>
template<typename T>
class Single {
public:
    static T& get() {
        return reinterpret_cast<T&>(instance.storage);
    }
private:
    struct Instance {
        enum { kSize = sizeof(T), kAlign = std::alignment_of<T>::value };
        int counter;
        typename std::aligned_storage<kSize, kAlign>::type storage;
        template<typename... Arg>
        Instance(Arg&&... param) {
            if (counter++ == 0) {
                new (&storage) T(param...);
            }
        }
        ~Instance() {
            if (--counter == 0) {
                reinterpret_cast<T&>(storage).~T();
            }
        }
    };
    static Instance instance;
};
// The following won't compile if T isn't default constructible.
// I want to get rid of the definition in this case, and let the
// users of this template to provide their own definitions.
// I'd like to keep the it when T is default constructible, because
// most of the time T is (according to my experience, most global 
// objects are constructed without arguments, singletons are
// essentially global objects).
//
// So, basically I want something like this:
// #if std::is_default_constructible<T>::value
//     template<typename T>
//     ...;
// #endif
// Could this be done in C++11 ? If not, how about C++14 ?
template<typename T>
typename Single<T>::Instance Single<T>::instance;

顺便说一句,如果类是默认可构造的,用这个模板定义一个单例是非常简单的,例如:

class Y {
    friend class Single<Y>;
    Y(int, int) { std::cout << "Y()n"; }
    ~Y() { std::cout << "~Y()n"; }
};
class X {
    friend class Single<X>;
    X() { std::cout << "X()n"; }
    ~X() { std::cout << "~X()n"; }
};
int main() {
    auto& x = Single<X>::get();
    // auto& g = Single<Y>::get(); // oops
    return 0;
}

创建两个类。一个用于默认可构造T,另一个用于非。

调度你的主实现只使用默认的可构造实例,如果它是默认的可构造实例。

template<class T,class=void>
struct WhichSingle {
  using type=Single<T>;
};
template<class T>
struct WhichSingle<T,typename std::enable_if<
  !std::is_default_constructible<T>::value
>::type> {
  using type=SingleNoDefault<T>;
};
template<class X>
using Bob = typename WhichSignle<X>::type;

Bob<X>SingleSingleNoDefault

更好的名字和减少重复的工作是可以做到的,但这只是繁重的工作。