封装数据,使setter是私有的,getter是公共的

Encapsulating data so the setter is private and getter is public

本文关键字:getter 数据 setter 封装      更新时间:2023-10-16

我想知道如何最好地在C++中创建一个数据实体,其中"setter"是私有的,"getter"是公共的。即实体的创建者应该能够设置数据,但用户/消费者/客户端只能获得数据。

让我们考虑实体EntityX:

class EntityX
{
  public:
    EntityX(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y)
    {}
    int GetX() const {return x;}
    int GetY() const {return y;}
  private:
    int x,y; // Effective C++ third edition, Item 22: Declare data members private
}

以及一个创建实体并将其返回给客户端的类方法:

const shared_ptr<EntityX> classz::GetEntityX()
{
  shared_ptr<EntityX> entity(new EntityX(1,2));
  return entity;
}

在我看来,这使得setter是私有的,getter是公共的,但如果数据成员>5-10,这个例子就不实用了……如果不让构造函数接受所有数据成员变量,你如何创建一个实体类/结构,使setter是"私有的","getter"是"公共的"。

提前感谢

创建者设置为friendclass EntityX:怎么样

   class EntityX
    {
      friend class Creator;
      public:
        EntityX(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y)
        {}
        int GetX() const {return x;}
        int GetY() const {return y;}
      private:
        int x,y; // Effective C++ third edition, Item 22: Declare data members private
    };

更新:

或者你可以使用模板化的朋友船,请参阅下面的代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
template<class T>
class EntityX
  {
  friend T;
  public:
    EntityX(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {}
    int GetX() const {return x;}
    int GetY() const {return y;}
  private:
    int x,y; // Effective C++ third edition, Item 22: Declare data members private
  };
struct Creator
  {
    static const std::shared_ptr<EntityX<Creator>> create() 
      {  
      std::shared_ptr<EntityX<Creator>> entity = std::make_shared<EntityX<Creator>>(1,2);
      entity->x = 1;
      entity->y = 2;
      return entity;
      }
  };
int main()
{
  std::shared_ptr<EntityX<Creator>> const E = Creator::create();
  std::cout << E->GetX() << ", " << E->GetY() << std::endl;
  return 0 ; 
}

您的getter可以返回一个const&所以…

public:
int const& Getter();
private:
int const& Setter(int value);

用"setter"answers"getter"替换为变量的名称。所以…

public:
int const& X();
private:
int const& X(int value);

你也可以用这个语法写同样的东西。。。

const int& X();

只是你想怎么写的问题。

祝你好运,我希望我能帮上忙。

像这样的东西怎么样

struct EntityValues
{
   Type1 value1_;
   Type2 value2_;
   (etc for all the members of Entity
};
class Entity
{
  public:
    Entity () : <set default values> 
    {
    }
    // this avoids the sea-of-parameters problem by bundling the data values
    // into a single parameter.  Data can be added to values by name in random order
    // before it is finally used here.
    Entity(const EntityValues & values) : <set members by pulling data from values>
    {
    }
    // individual public getters.
    Type1 getValue1()const { return value1_;}
    <repeat as necessary for other members>
    // get everything at once 
    // (an alternative to individual getters)
    // 
    void exportValues(EntityValues & values) const
    {
       <copy member to values>
    }
    // optional (this violates the "no public setters" constraint
    // but it does it in a controlled manner.
    void update(const EntityValues & values)
    {
       <set members by pulling data from values>
    }
private:
    <setters (if necessary) and members go here
 };

此外,EntityValues可以是在Entity(即struct Entity::Values(内部声明的公共嵌套结构