弃用标准::分配器<void>

Deprecation of std::allocator<void>

本文关键字:void gt lt 分配器 标准      更新时间:2023-10-16

相关:为什么标准容器需要allocator_type::value_type作为元素类型?

据说以下内容自 C++17 起已被弃用:

template<>
struct allocator<void>;

我想知道它是否被弃用,因为现在仅主模板就能够容纳allocator<void>,或者allocator<void>的用例已被弃用。

如果是后者,我想知道为什么。我认为allocator<void>指定未绑定到特定类型的分配器(因此只是一些架构/元数据(很有用。

根据 p0174r0

类似地,定义std::allocator<void>以便各种模板 重新绑定技巧可以在原始的 C++98 库中工作,但它是 不是实际的分配器,因为它既缺乏allocate又缺乏deallocate成员函数,默认情况下无法从allocator_traits.这种需求随着C++11和void_pointer而消失了 并在allocator_traits中const_void_pointer键入别名。但是,我们 继续指定它以避免破坏具有 尚未升级以支持通用分配器,根据 C++11。

并不是说std::allocator<void>被弃用了,只是它不是一个明确的专业化。

它曾经的样子是这样的:

template<class T>
struct allocator {
typedef T value_type;
typedef T* pointer;
typedef const T* const_pointer;
// These would be an error if T is void, as you can't have a void reference
typedef T& reference;
typedef const T& const_reference;
template<class U>
struct rebind {
typedef allocator<U> other;
}
// Along with other stuff, like size_type, difference_type, allocate, deallocate, etc.
}
template<>
struct allocator<void> {
typedef void value_type;
typedef void* pointer;
typedef const void* const_pointer;
template<class U>
struct rebind {
typdef allocator<U> other;
}
// That's it. Nothing else.
// No error for having a void&, since there is no void&.
}

现在,由于std::allocator<T>::referencestd::allocator<T>::const_reference已被弃用,因此不需要对void进行明确的专业化。你可以只使用std::allocator<void>,以及std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<void>>::template rebind<U>来获取std::allocator<U>,只是不能实例化std::allocator<void>::allocates

例如:

template<class Alloc = std::allocator<void>>
class my_class;  // allowed
int main() {
using void_allocator = std::allocator<void>;
using void_allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<void_allocator>;
using char_allocator = void_allocator_traits::template rebind_alloc<char>;
static_assert(std::is_same<char_allocator, std::allocator<char>>::value, "Always works");
// This is allowed
void_allocator alloc;
// These are not. Taking the address of the function or calling it
// implicitly instantiates it, which means that sizeof(void) has
// to be evaluated, which is undefined.
void* (void_allocator::* allocate_mfun)(std::size_t) = &void_allocator::allocate;
void_allocator_traits::allocate(alloc, 1);  // calls:
alloc.allocate(1);
}