在函数中未定义的引用 c++

In function undefined reference c++

本文关键字:引用 c++ 未定义 函数      更新时间:2023-10-16

我总是收到一个奇怪的错误。

/

usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:

在函数_start中:>(.text+0x20(:对主的未定义引用/tmp/cc4ZqKzy.o:

在函数 'Sep::Building::Building(Sep::Field::FieldType,>std::__cxx11::basic_string,>std::分配器>, char, bool, bool, unsigned int, unsigned int(:

Building.cpp:(.text+0x3c(:未定义对Sep::Field::Field((的引用 收集2:

错误:LD 返回 1 个退出状态

我读了很多关于这个问题的文章,但没有一个是相同的。我包含了所有的标题,还添加了ifndef守卫。

主.cpp:

#include "Field.h"
#include "Building.h"
namespace Sep
{
just some returns...
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Sep::Building Haus(Sep::Field::FieldType::HOME,"HOME", 'H', true, true, 100, 100);
std::cout << "HAUS ABREV:" << Haus.getAbbrevationOnField() << 'n';
}

字段.h

#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

#ifndef FIELD_H
#define FIELD_H
namespace Sep
{
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Field class, containing all needed information to create a Field object
//
class Field
{
public :
enum FieldType 
{GRASS, WATER, OBSTACLE, STREET, HOME, MARKET, CLINIC, TOWNHALL};
private:
FieldType type_;
std::string name_;
char abbrevation_;
bool buildable_;
bool destroyable_;
unsigned int build_cost_;
unsigned int destroy_cost_;
public:
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Field constructors & destructor
//
Field();
Field(FieldType type);
~Field() noexcept;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
//getters
//
Field::FieldType getFieldType() const { return type_; };
const char getAbbrevationOnField() const { return abbrevation_; };
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
//setters
//
static std::string getName(FieldType type);
FieldType getType() const;//steht oben in getFiel3dType Z55
void setType(FieldType type){type_ = type;};
void setName(std::string name){name_ = name;};
void setAbbrevation(char abbrev){abbrevation_ = abbrev;};
void setBuildable(bool buildable){buildable_ = buildable;};
void setDestroyable(bool destroyable){destroyable_ = destroyable;};
void setBuildCost(int b_cost){build_cost_ = b_cost;};
void setDestroyCost(int d_cost){destroy_cost_ = d_cost;};
};
}
#endif //FIELD.H

字段.cpp

#include "Field.h"
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
using Sep::Field;

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Setter of the private FieldType type_ to the given param
//
// @param the type of field to get set
//
Field::Field(FieldType type)
{
type_ = type;
};
Field::~Field(){};
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checks the type of a given field, returns the name of type as string
//
// @param type, the type of the field to check
//
// @return string the name of the type of the checked field
//
std::string Field::getName(FieldType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case GRASS:
return std::string("Grass");
case WATER:
return std::string("Water");
case OBSTACLE:
return std::string("Obstacle");
case STREET:
return std::string("Street");
case HOME:
return std::string("Home");
case MARKET:
return std::string("Market");
case CLINIC:
return std::string("Clinic");
case TOWNHALL:
return std::string("Town Hall");
default:
return std::string("Unknown Field");
}
};
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getters
//
// Getter from the private FieldType type_
//
// @param none
//
// @return the type of type_ as FieldType
//
Field::FieldType Field::getType() const
{
return type_;
};

建筑.h

#ifndef BUILDING_H
#define BUILDING_H
#include "Field.h"
namespace Sep
{
class Building : public Field
{
private:
public:
Building(FieldType type, const std::string name, const char abbrevation, 
const bool buildable, const bool destroyable,
const unsigned int b_cost, const unsigned int d_cost);
~Building();
};
}
#endif //BUILDING_H

建筑.cpp

#include "Building.h"
#include "Field.h"
Sep::Building::Building(FieldType type, const std::string name, 
const char abbrevation, 
const bool buildable, const bool destroyable,
const unsigned int b_cost, const unsigned int d_cost)
{
Sep::Field::setType(type);
Sep::Field::setName(name);
Sep::Field::setAbbrevation(abbrevation);
Sep::Field::setBuildable(buildable);
Sep::Field::setDestroyable(destroyable);
Sep::Field::setBuildCost(b_cost);
Sep::Field::setDestroyCost(d_cost);
};
Sep::Building::~Building(){};

有人知道吗?因为我经常在这个项目中收到此错误,但在其他类中。 奇怪的是,程序似乎编译正确,但在开始时我得到这个 collect2:错误:ld 返回了 1 个退出状态。

感谢

Field.cpp需要更改,如果不想使用 Field(( 构造函数,只需将Field((构造函数的定义留空即可。

例如:字段.cpp

#include "Field.h"
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
using Sep::Field;

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Setter of the private FieldType type_ to the given param
//
// @param the type of field to get set
//
Field::Field(){ 
//empty constructor or can initialize type_ to default value.
}

Field::Field(FieldType type)
{
type_ = type;
};
Field::~Field(){};
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checks the type of a given field, returns the name of type as string
//
// @param type, the type of the field to check
//
// @return string the name of the type of the checked field
//
std::string Field::getName(FieldType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case GRASS:
return std::string("Grass");
case WATER:
return std::string("Water");
case OBSTACLE:
return std::string("Obstacle");
case STREET:
return std::string("Street");
case HOME:
return std::string("Home");
case MARKET:
return std::string("Market");
case CLINIC:
return std::string("Clinic");
case TOWNHALL:
return std::string("Town Hall");
default:
return std::string("Unknown Field");
}
};
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getters
//
// Getter from the private FieldType type_
//
// @param none
//
// @return the type of type_ as FieldType
//
Field::FieldType Field::getType() const
{
return type_;
};

当你尝试构造一个Building时,Building::Building(...)构造函数隐式调用其基类构造函数Field::Field()(因为你没有指定你想要哪个Field构造函数(。你在Field.h中承诺这样的构造函数存在于某个地方(这就是为什么编译器从不抱怨(,但你从来没有定义过它。然后,当链接器尝试将声明的函数与编译器发出的函数链接时,它会注意到此构造函数丢失并抱怨。

这就是错误消息试图告诉您的内容:

  • undefined reference to 'Sep::Field::Field()'->Field::Field()构造函数未在任何地方定义。

  • In function Sep::Building::Building(...)-> 它正在尝试调用所示Building构造函数中的Field构造函数。

最简单的解决方法是编写Field() = default;以便编译器自动生成默认构造函数。

编辑:如果你想使用Field::Field(FieldType)构造函数,这是你将如何做到这一点:

Building::Building(FieldType fieldType, /* etc */)
: Field(fieldType)
{
// etc.
}

您还可以向Field类添加一个构造函数,该构造函数采用您尝试传递的所有这些参数:

Field::Field(FieldType fieldType, std::string name, char abbrevation, /* etc. */)
: type_(fieldType), name_(name), abbrevation_(abbreviation), /* etc. */
{
}

因此:

Building::Building(FieldType type, const std::string name, const char abbrevation, /* etc. */)
: Field(type, name, abbreviation, /* etc. */)
{
}

更好的是,您可以"重用"长Field构造函数以进行Building

class Building : public Field
{
public:
using Field::Field;
// ...
}