如何在标准::映射中try_emplace POD 结构?

How can I try_emplace a POD struct in a std::map?

本文关键字:emplace POD 结构 try 标准 映射      更新时间:2023-10-16

我有一张需要存储int -> { basic types }的地图。

我想简单地创建一个struct { int f1, int f2; };并直接存储值,在存储过程中就构建结构。我不希望有任何重复的键,所以try_emplace似乎是理想的。

我写了这段代码:

// mcve.cpp
#include <map>
#include <string>
struct various { int f1, f2; };
using map_t = std::map<int, various>;
void
example()
{
map_t dict;
//dict.try_emplace(1, 2);
dict.try_emplace(1, 1, 2);
//dict.try_emplace(1, {1, 2});
}

但这些选项都不起作用。

使用 clang++ 我收到这样的错误。(版本:clang 版本 5.0.1 (标签/RELEASE_501/最终版))

/opt/local/libexec/llvm-5.0/include/c++/v1/tuple:1365:7: error: no matching
constructor for initialization of 'various'
second(_VSTD::forward<_Args2>(_VSTD::get<_I2>(__second_args))...)
^      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
### ... many lines ...
mcve.cpp:14:7: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
'std::__1::map<int, various, std::__1::less<int>,
std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const int, various> > >::try_emplace<int,
int>' requested here
dict.try_emplace(1, 1, 2);
^
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not
viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
struct various { int f1, f2; };
^
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit move constructor) not
viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit default constructor) not
viable: requires 0 arguments, but 2 were provided
1 error generated.

使用 g++ 我得到这样的错误。(版本: g++ (MacPorts gcc7 7.2.0_0) 7.2.0):

In file included from /opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/bits/node_handle.h:40:0,
from /opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/bits/stl_tree.h:72,
from /opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/map:60,
from mcve.cpp:1:
/opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/tuple: In instantiation of 'std::pair<_T1, _T2>::pair(std::tuple<_Args1 ...>&, std::tuple<_Args2 ...>&, std::_Index_tuple<_Indexes1 ...>, std::_Index_tuple<_Indexes2 ...>) [with _Args1 = {int&&}; long unsigned int ..._Indexes1 = {0}; _Args2 = {int&&, int&&}; long unsigned int ..._Indexes2 = {0, 1}; _T1 = const int; _T2 = various]':
### ... many lines ...
mcve.cpp:14:26:   required from here
/opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/tuple:1652:70: error: no matching function for call to 'various::various(int, int)'
second(std::forward<_Args2>(std::get<_Indexes2>(__tuple2))...)
^
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate: various::various()
struct various { int f1, f2; };
^~~~~~~
mcve.cpp:4:8: note:   candidate expects 0 arguments, 2 provided
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate: constexpr various::various(const various&)
mcve.cpp:4:8: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate: constexpr various::various(various&&)
mcve.cpp:4:8: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided

那么,如何有效地将数据存储到我的地图中(理想情况下,使用简单易读的代码)?

你的前两次尝试

dict.try_emplace(1, 2);
dict.try_emplace(1, 1, 2);

失败,因为不能使用try_emplaceemplace等从值列表初始化聚合。标准分配器使用()而不是{}就地构造类型,这当然会失败。请参阅此问题的答案。

第三次尝试

dict.try_emplace(1, {1, 2});

失败是因为大括号初始化列表不是表达式,并且没有类型,因此模板参数推导无法将其推断为various

您可以通过指定要构造various实例来获取try_emplace工作

dict.try_emplace(1, various{1, 2});

或者向various添加适当的构造函数,这将允许前两次尝试工作。

但是,鉴于您使用的是包含内置类型的map,最简单的解决方案是仅使用insert而不是放置。

dict.insert({1, {1, 2}});

上面所说的map::insert重载是std::pair<iterator,bool> insert(value_type&&),其中value_typepair<const int, various>。嵌套的大括号初始化列表s 被推导出为value_typeover.match.list中的重载解析规则,特别是第二个项目符号

如果未找到可行的初始值设定项列表构造函数,则再次执行重载解析,其中候选函数是类T的所有构造函数,参数列表由初始值设定项列表的元素组成。

pair(T1 const&, T2 const&)构造函数处于选中状态。