CMAKE GOOGLETEST在集合集合中会重新定义错误

我在学校使用了多个非常小的库。每个库都与Google测试文件一起放在自己的文件夹中。这使我可以在各种作业中利用这些功能。库有时会互相依赖。

我正在尝试使用cmake构建单个测试可执行文件，该测试结合了所有库的测试，因此我可以使用更改的库更改库本身或其他库中的某些行为。不幸的是，我正在挣扎：有一个库的CSV和另一个使用该CSV库的库AnterVector。运行Cmake生成的制造时，这会以某种方式给出重新分配错误，但我不明白为什么以及如何解决此问题。

项目的结构（可以在此处找到：https：//github.com/martenbe/algoritmen）：

.
├── chrono
│   ├── chrono-simple.cpp
│   ├── chrono-simple.h
│   └── chrono-simple-test.cpp
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── CMakeLists.txt.in
├── csv
│   ├── csv.h
│   └── csv-test.cpp
├── generate_makefile.sh
├── intstring
│   ├── intstring.h
│   └── intstring-test.cpp
├── README.md
└── sorteren
    ├── sorteermethode.h
    ├── sorteermethode-test.cpp
    ├── sortvector.h
    └── sortvector-test.cpp

如何运行

./generate_makefile.sh
cd build
make
./unittest

cmake文件将直接从此处指定的github a中拉动googletest（这是根目录中的cmakelists的底部，并进行一些修改）：https：//github.com/google/google/googletest/blob/blob/master/master/master/googletest/readme.md＃commutation-into-and an-an-and and and and and an-project

运行时的错误输出：

- 配置完成

-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
gmake[2]: Entering directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
gmake[3]: Entering directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
gmake[3]: Leaving directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
gmake[3]: Entering directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
[ 11%] Performing update step for 'googletest'
Current branch master is up to date.
[ 22%] No configure step for 'googletest'
[ 33%] No build step for 'googletest'
[ 44%] No install step for 'googletest'
[ 55%] No test step for 'googletest'
[ 66%] Completed 'googletest'
gmake[3]: Leaving directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
[100%] Built target googletest
gmake[2]: Leaving directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build/googletest-download'
Created test "unittest"
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/build
[ 16%] Built target gtest
[ 33%] Built target gtest_main
[ 50%] Built target gmock
Scanning dependencies of target unittest
[ 58%] Linking CXX executable unittest
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp.o: in function `CsvData::voeg_data_toe(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const&)':
/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/sorteren/../csv/csv.h:83: multiple definition of `CsvData::voeg_data_toe(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const&)'; CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/csv/csv-test.cpp.o:/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/csv/csv.h:83: first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp.o:(.bss+0x8): multiple definition of `CsvData::extensie[abi:cxx11]'; CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/csv/csv-test.cpp.o:(.bss+0x8): first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp.o: in function `testing::Test::TearDownTestSuite()':
/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/sorteren/../csv/csv.h:49: multiple definition of `CsvData::CsvData(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, char, char)'; CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/csv/csv-test.cpp.o:/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/csv/csv.h:49: first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp.o: in function `testing::Test::TearDownTestSuite()':
/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/sorteren/../csv/csv.h:49: multiple definition of `CsvData::CsvData(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, char, char)'; CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/csv/csv-test.cpp.o:/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/csv/csv.h:49: first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp.o: in function `CsvData::write_to_file() const':
/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/sorteren/../csv/csv.h:129: multiple definition of `CsvData::write_to_file() const'; CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/csv/csv-test.cpp.o:/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/csv/csv.h:129: first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp.o: in function `CsvData::geef_bestandsnaam[abi:cxx11]() const':
/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/sorteren/../csv/csv.h:124: multiple definition of `CsvData::geef_bestandsnaam[abi:cxx11]() const'; CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/csv/csv-test.cpp.o:/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/csv/csv.h:124: first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp.o: in function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::operator=(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&&)':
/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/sorteren/../csv/csv.h:94: multiple definition of `CsvData::to_string[abi:cxx11]() const'; CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/csv/csv-test.cpp.o:/home/martijn/git/Algoritmen-I/labos/libraries/csv/csv.h:94: first defined here
clang-7: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/build.make:147: unittest] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:75: CMakeFiles/unittest.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:141: all] Error 2

如何解决这些问题？是否有更好的方法来构建由小型库组成的项目？我真的更喜欢将每个库保留在自己的子文件夹中。

ps：我现在的代码不是很漂亮，它是给我们的，我在此过程中对其进行了重构，所以它仍然很混乱，而且不是最佳练习。

cmakelists.txt

set(SOURCES
    )
set(ADDITIONAL_INPUT_FILES
    )
set(TEST_SOURCES
    chrono/chrono-simple-test.cpp
    csv/csv-test.cpp
    intstring/intstring-test.cpp
    sorteren/sorteermethode-test.cpp
    sorteren/sortvector-test.cpp
    )
set(ADDITIONAL_TEST_FILES
    )
### executable #################################################################
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
project (proj)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE debug)
if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang")
    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -pedantic -Wextra -O0")
    # set(CMAKE_CXX_CLANG_TIDY "clang-tidy;-checks=*,-boost-*,-google-*,-llvm-*;-header-filter=.*")
elseif ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "GNU")
    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -pedantic -Wextra")
elseif ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Intel")
elseif ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
endif()
if (SOURCES)
    foreach(FILE ${ADDITIONAL_INPUT_FILES})
        message("Copying file ${FILE}")
        configure_file(${FILE} ${FILE} COPYONLY)
    endforeach(FILE)
    add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SOURCES})
endif()
### unittest ###################################################################
if (TEST_SOURCES)
    # Download and unpack googletest at configure time
    configure_file(CMakeLists.txt.in googletest-download/CMakeLists.txt)
    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" .
        RESULT_VARIABLE result
        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download)
    if(result)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake step for googletest failed: ${result}")
    endif()
    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
        RESULT_VARIABLE result
        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download)
    if(result)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "Build step for googletest failed: ${result}")
    endif()
    # Prevent overriding the parent project's compiler/linker
    # settings on Windows
    set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
    # Add googletest directly to our build. This defines
    # the gtest and gtest_main targets.
    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src
        ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build
        EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
    # The gtest/gtest_main targets carry header search path
    # dependencies automatically when using CMake 2.8.11 or
    # later. Otherwise we have to add them here ourselves.
    if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 2.8.11)
        include_directories("${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
    endif()
    foreach(FILE ${ADDITIONAL_TEST_FILES})
        message("Copying file ${FILE}")
        get_filename_component(FILE_NAME ${FILE} NAME)
        configure_file(${FILE} ${FILE_NAME} COPYONLY)
    endforeach(FILE)
    enable_testing()
    # Create the build executable
    set(TEST_EXECUTABLE_NAME "unittest")
    add_executable(${TEST_EXECUTABLE_NAME} ${TEST_SOURCES})
    target_link_libraries(${TEST_EXECUTABLE_NAME} gtest_main gmock)
    add_test("${TEST_EXECUTABLE_NAME}_ctest" ${TEST_EXECUTABLE_NAME})
    message("Created test "${TEST_EXECUTABLE_NAME}"")
endif()

csv.h：

#ifndef CSV_H
#define CSV_H
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
class CsvData
{
public:
    // Scheidingsteken: teken in vlottendekommagetallen
    // Voor een Nederlandstalige excel, scheidingsteken ',' opgeven
    CsvData(const std::string& bestandsnaam, char scheidingsteken = '.', char delimiter = 't');
    template <class T> // T kan int, unsigned int, float, ... zijn
    void voeg_data_toe(const std::vector<T>& toe_te_voegen_data);
    void voeg_data_toe(const std::vector<double>& nieuwe_data);
    std::string to_string() const;
    std::string geef_bestandsnaam() const;
    void write_to_file() const;
protected:
    std::vector<std::vector<double>> data;
    char scheidingsteken;
    char delimiter;
    std::string bestandsnaam;
    int max_kolom_grootte = 0;
    static constexpr int kolombreedte = 12;
    static constexpr int precisie = 6;
    static const std::string extensie;
};
const std::string CsvData::extensie{".csv"};
// Scheidingsteken: teken in vlottendekommagetallen
// Voor een Nederlandstalige excel, scheidingsteken ',' opgeven
CsvData::CsvData(const std::string& bestandsnaam, char scheidingsteken, char delimiter)
: scheidingsteken{scheidingsteken}, delimiter{delimiter}, bestandsnaam{bestandsnaam}
{
    if (bestandsnaam.empty())
    {
        throw "Lege bestandsnaam";
    }
    int begin_extensie = bestandsnaam.rfind(extensie);
    if (begin_extensie == 0)
    {
        throw "Ongeldige bestandsnaam";
    }
    if ((begin_extensie == std::string::npos) || (begin_extensie != (bestandsnaam.size() - extensie.size())))
    {
        this->bestandsnaam.append(extensie);
    }
}
template <class T> // T kan int, unsigned int, float, ... zijn
void CsvData::voeg_data_toe(const std::vector<T>& toe_te_voegen_data)
{
    std::vector<double> nieuwe_data;
    nieuwe_data.reserve(toe_te_voegen_data.size());
    for (const T& d : toe_te_voegen_data)
    {
        nieuwe_data.push_back(static_cast<double>(d));
    }
    voeg_data_toe(nieuwe_data);
}
void CsvData::voeg_data_toe(const std::vector<double>& nieuwe_data)
{
    data.push_back(nieuwe_data);
    int kolom_grootte = nieuwe_data.size();
    if (kolom_grootte > max_kolom_grootte)
    {
        max_kolom_grootte = kolom_grootte;
    }
}
std::string CsvData::to_string() const
{
    std::stringstream out;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_kolom_grootte; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < data.size(); j++)
        {
            if (i < data[j].size())
            {
                out << std::setprecision(precisie) << std::scientific << data[j][i];
            }
            if (j == (data.size() - 1))
            {
                out << 'n';
            }
            else
            {
                out << delimiter;
            }
        }
    }
    std::string content = out.str();
    std::replace(content.begin(), content.end(), '.', scheidingsteken);
    return content;
}
std::string CsvData::geef_bestandsnaam() const
{
    return bestandsnaam;
}
void CsvData::write_to_file() const
{
    std::ofstream out(bestandsnaam);
    assert(out);
    out << to_string();
}
#endif

sortVector.h

#ifndef SORTVECTOR_H
#define SORTVECTOR_H
/**
 class sortvector
 brief is een klasse van sorteerbare vectoren
 Bovenop de vectoreigenschappen zijn er hulpfuncties om sorteervergelijkingen
 te vergemakkelijken.
*/
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
template <class T>
class Sortvector : public std::vector<T>
{
public:
    /// fn Constructor: het argument geeft de grootte aan
    /// bij constructie zal de tabel opgevuld worden met
    /// n verschillende Ts in random volgorde
    /// (zie hulplidfuncties)
    Sortvector(int);
    Sortvector(const Sortvector<T>& v) = delete;
    Sortvector<T>& operator=(const Sortvector<T>& v) = delete;
    Sortvector<T>& operator=(Sortvector<T>&& v) = delete;
    Sortvector(Sortvector<T>&& v) = delete;
    /// fn vul_range vul vector met de waarden T(0)...T(size()-1) in volgorde
    void vul_range();
    void draai_om();
    void vul_omgekeerd();
    void shuffle();
    void vul_random_zonder_dubbels();
    void vul_random(); //< nog niet implementeren
    bool is_gesorteerd() const;
    /// fn is_range controleert of *this eruit ziet als het resultaat van vul_range(), d.w.z.
    /// dat, voor alle i, (*this)[i]==T(i);
    bool is_range() const;
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Sortvector<T>& s)
    {
        s.schrijf(os);
        return os;
    }
private:
    void schrijf(std::ostream& os) const;
};
template <class T>
Sortvector<T>::Sortvector(int grootte) : std::vector<T>(grootte)
{
    vul_random();
}
template <class T>
void Sortvector<T>::vul_range()
{
    T waarde{0};
    for (auto& data : (*this))
    {
        data = waarde;
        waarde++;
    }
}
template <class T>
void Sortvector<T>::draai_om()
{
    std::reverse(this->begin(), this->end());
}
template <class T>
void Sortvector<T>::shuffle()
{
    std::random_device rd;
    std::mt19937 eng{rd()};
    std::shuffle(this->begin(), this->end(), eng);
}
template <class T>
void Sortvector<T>::vul_omgekeerd()
{
    T waarde{0};
    std::for_each(this->rbegin(), this->rend(), [&](T& data) {
        data = waarde;
        waarde++;
    });
}
template <class T>
void Sortvector<T>::vul_random_zonder_dubbels()
{
    vul_range();
    shuffle();
}
template <class T>
void Sortvector<T>::vul_random()
{
    std::random_device rd;
    std::mt19937 eng{rd()};
    assert((this->size() - 1) < std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
    std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist{0, static_cast<int>(this->size() - 1)};
    for (auto& i : (*this))
    {
        i = dist(rd);
    }
}
template <class T>
bool Sortvector<T>::is_gesorteerd() const
{
    if (this->size() <= 1)
    {
        return true;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < this->size(); i++)
    {
        if ((*this)[i - 1] > (*this)[i])
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
template <class T>
bool Sortvector<T>::is_range() const
{
    if (this->size() <= 1)
    {
        return true;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < this->size(); i++)
    {
        if ((*this)[i] != ((*this)[i - 1] + 1))
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
template <class T>
void Sortvector<T>::schrijf(std::ostream& os) const
{
    for (auto&& t : *this)
    {
        os << t << " ";
    }
    os << "n";
}
#endif