从对的向量中，我如何在C++中找到键

From vector of pairs, how can I find key in C++?

本文关键字：C++ 向量      更新时间：2023-10-16

我正在创建对向量，并想检查给定的键是否存在于向量中。我正在尝试使用 std：：find_if 但似乎它不起作用。如果我在代码或任何其他方法中做错了什么来查找给定键的元素，有人可以帮助我吗？

std::vector < std::pair < int, char >> myVec;
pair < int, char > p1 = make_pair(1, 'a');
pair < int, char > p2 = make_pair(2, 'b');
pair < int, char > p3 = make_pair(3, 'c');
myVec.push_back(p1);
myVec.push_back(p2);
myVec.push_back(p3);
auto it = std::find_if(myVec.begin(), myVec.end(), [](const std::pair < std::string, int > & element) {
    return element.first = 1;
});
if (it == myVec.end()) {
    cout << "not foundn";
}

在上面的代码中，我想找到键为 1 的对。 我得到了异常。

例外：

$g++ -o main *.cpp
main.cpp: In lambda function:
main.cpp:19:123: error: passing ‘const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>’ as ‘this’ argument discards qualifiers [-fpermissive]
     auto it = std::find_if(myVec.begin(),myVec.end(),[](const std::pair<std::string, int>& element){ return element.first=1;} );
                                                                                                                           ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7/string:52:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/ios:42,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/ostream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/iostream:39,
                 from main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:677:7: note:   in call to ‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::operator=(_CharT) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>]’
       operator=(_CharT __c)
       ^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_algobase.h:71:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/bits/char_traits.h:39,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/ios:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/ostream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/7/iostream:39,
                 from main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/predefined_ops.h: In instantiation of ‘bool __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_pred<_Predicate>::operator()(_Iterator) [with _Iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::pair<int, char>*, std::vector<std::pair<int, char> > >; _Predicate = main()::<lambda(const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&)>]’:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_algo.h:120:14:   required from ‘_RandomAccessIterator std::__find_if(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Predicate, std::random_access_iterator_tag) [with _RandomAccessIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::pair<int, char>*, std::vector<std::pair<int, char> > >; _Predicate = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_pred<main()::<lambda(const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&)> >]’
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_algo.h:161:23:   required from ‘_Iterator std::__find_if(_Iterator, _Iterator, _Predicate) [with _Iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::pair<int, char>*, std::vector<std::pair<int, char> > >; _Predicate = __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_pred<main()::<lambda(const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&)> >]’
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/stl_algo.h:3932:28:   required from ‘_IIter std::find_if(_IIter, _IIter, _Predicate) [with _IIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::pair<int, char>*, std::vector<std::pair<int, char> > >; _Predicate = main()::<lambda(const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&)>]’
main.cpp:19:127:   required from here
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/predefined_ops.h:283:11: error: no match for call to ‘(main()::<lambda(const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&)>) (std::pair<int, char>&)’
  { return bool(_M_pred(*__it)); }
           ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/predefined_ops.h:283:11: note: candidate: std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> (*)(const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&) <conversion>
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/predefined_ops.h:283:11: note:   candidate expects 2 arguments, 2 provided
main.cpp:19:99: note: candidate: main()::<lambda(const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&)>
     auto it = std::find_if(myVec.begin(),myVec.end(),[](const std::pair<std::string, int>& element){ return element.first=1;} );
                                                                                                   ^
main.cpp:19:99: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::pair<int, char>’ to ‘const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&’
main.cpp

这似乎是一个简单的错字。您将向量声明为 std::vector<std::pair<int, char>>但您使用的 lambda 表达式需要const std::pair<std::string, char>& 。只需将std::string更改为int，应该没问题。

编辑：此外，正如博格领袖指出的那样，= 1应该== 1。

std::vector < std::pair < int, char >> myVec;
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

矢量的元素是std::pair < int, char > .

auto it = std::find_if(myVec.begin(), myVec.end(), [](const std::pair < std::string, int > & element) {
                                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

您的 lambda 接受对 std::pair < std::string, int > 的引用。此类引用不能绑定到 std::pair < int, char > 类型的对象。这就是编译器在这里所说的：

no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::pair<int, char>’ to ‘const std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, int>&’

若要解决此问题，请使用与元素类型匹配的参数类型。

此外，您的 lambda 会尝试通过 const 引用修改对象。这是格式不正确的。您可能打算改用比较运算符。

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