了解 POSIX select() 与读写fd_set

Understanding POSIX select() with read and write fd_set

本文关键字:读写 fd set POSIX select 了解      更新时间:2023-10-16

对于学校项目,我们将使用文件描述符和select()在一台机器上实现并发。在程序中,我们有 RequestChannel 对象,其中包含两个文件描述符,一个用于读取,一个用于写入,用于与在执行开始时分叉的单独进程进行通信。我可以用写文件描述符做一些事情,但读取的 fds 似乎从未准备好。我可以得到一些帮助来理解select()如何与读写描述符一起工作吗?我看到的一切都在处理套接字,这在这一点上让我感到困惑,我只想了解一般文件描述符和 select()。

这是我的选择循环:

fd_set readset, writeset;
FD_ZERO(&readset); 
FD_SET(JohnDoe.read_fd(), &readset);
FD_SET(JoeSmith.read_fd(), &readset);
FD_SET(JaneSmith.read_fd(), &readset);
FD_ZERO(&writeset);
FD_SET(JohnDoe.write_fd(), &writeset);
FD_SET(JoeSmith.write_fd(), &writeset);
FD_SET(JaneSmith.write_fd(), &writeset);
int maxfd = 0;
maxfd = max(maxfd, JohnDoe.read_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JohnDoe.write_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JoeSmith.read_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JoeSmith.write_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JaneSmith.read_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JaneSmith.write_fd());
int numready;
int count = 0;
while (count < 10) {
    numready = select(maxfd + 1, &readset, &writeset, NULL, NULL);
    if (numready == -1) {
        cout << "Fatal error, abortingn";
        break; 
    }
    else { 
        if(FD_ISSET(JohnDoe.write_fd(), &writeset)) { //write_fd() returns write file descriptor
            JohnDoe.cwrite("data John Doe"); //one RequestChannel object
        }
        if(FD_ISSET(JoeSmith.write_fd(), &writeset)) {
            JoeSmith.cwrite("data Joe Smith");
        }
        if(FD_ISSET(JaneSmith.write_fd(), &writeset)) {
            JaneSmith.cwrite("data JaneSmith");
        }

        if(FD_ISSET(JohnDoe.read_fd(), &readset)) { 
            string s = JohnDoe.cread();
            cout << "John Doe cread: " << s << "n";
        }
        if(FD_ISSET(JoeSmith.read_fd(), &readset)) { 
            string s = JoeSmith.cread();
            cout << "Joe Smith cread: " << s << "n";
        }
        if(FD_ISSET(JaneSmith.read_fd(), &readset)) { 
            string s = JaneSmith.cread();
            cout << "Jane Smith cread: " << s << "n";
        }
    }
}

您需要在每次调用select()之前重新初始化描述符集,因为select()修改描述符集。您可以通过在循环中使用 FD_ZERO()/FD_SET() 或通过初始化"原型"集来执行此操作,这些"原型"集复制到传递给 select() 的集:

fd_set readset, writeset;
int maxfd = 0;
maxfd = max(maxfd, JohnDoe.read_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JohnDoe.write_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JoeSmith.read_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JoeSmith.write_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JaneSmith.read_fd());
maxfd = max(maxfd, JaneSmith.write_fd());
int numready;
int count = 0;
while (count < 10) {
    FD_ZERO(&readset); 
    FD_SET(JohnDoe.read_fd(), &readset);
    FD_SET(JoeSmith.read_fd(), &readset);
    FD_SET(JaneSmith.read_fd(), &readset);
    FD_ZERO(&writeset);
    FD_SET(JohnDoe.write_fd(), &writeset);
    FD_SET(JoeSmith.write_fd(), &writeset);
    FD_SET(JaneSmith.write_fd(), &writeset);
    numready = select(maxfd + 1, &readset, &writeset, NULL, NULL);
    // etc...
}

是的,cjbrooks12 是正确的。有必要在 select() 系统调用之间reset the fd_set

它们

充当输入/输出参数;它们由系统调用读取和修改。当 select() 返回时,这些值都已修改to reflect the set of file descriptors ready 。因此,每次调用 select() 之前,您都有to (re)initialize the fd_set值。

并且还要使while循环无限(或增加计数器值),以便它等到读取fd准备就绪。