装饰图案vs.称超级反图案

Decorator pattern vs. Call super anti-pattern

本文关键字：vs 更新时间：2023-10-16

让我们有一个简单的Decorator示例：

struct IStuff {
  virtual void Info()=0;
  virtual ~IStuff() { }
};
class Ugly : public IStuff {
public:
  void Info() { cout  << "Ugly"; }
};
class Shiny : public IStuff {
  IStuff* stuff;
public:
  Shiny(IStuff* stuff) {
    this->stuff = stuff;
  }
  ~Shiny() {
    delete stuff;
  }
  void Info() {
    stuff->Info(); // <------------------------------- call super?
    cout << "->Shiny";
  }
};
int main() {
  IStuff* s = new Ugly();
  s = new Shiny(s); // decorate
  s = new Shiny(s); // decorate more
  s->Info(); // Ugly->Shiny->Shiny
  delete s;
  return 0;
}

这也是Call超级反模式吗？

Call super是一种设计模式，其中特定的类规定在派生的子类中，用户需要重写一个方法，并在特定点回调被重写的函数本身

这里有一个稍微不同的实现在设计上有什么不同吗？

这不是Call super。您调用另一个IStuff实例的Info方法，而不是overriden版本。

调用超级版本：

struct IStuff {
  // If you override this, you MUST call the base class version <-- call super
  virtual void Info()
  {
    // a default implementation.
    std::cout << "Super call ";  
  }
  virtual ~IStuff() { }
};
class Shiny : public IStuff {
public:
  void Info() {
    IStuff::Info();  // don't forget to call base implementation.
    std::cout << "->Shiny";
  }
};

Decorator的一些实现正在对Decorator基类进行超级调用，该基类负责保存、调用和管理装饰的引用：

struct IStuff 
{
  virtual void Info() = 0;
  virtual ~IStuff() { }
};
class Stuff : public IStuff
{
public:
    void Info() { std::cout << "Basic stuff"; }
};
class StuffDecorator : public IStuff
{
    IStuff* decorated_;
public:
    StuffDecorator(IStuff* decoratedStuff) :
        decorated_(decoratedStuff) {}
    ~StuffDecorator() { delete decorated_; }
    void Info()
    {
        decorated_->Info();
    }
};
class Shiny : public StuffDecorator 
{
public:
  Shiny(IStuff* stuff) : StuffDecorator(stuff) { }
  void Info() 
  {
    StuffDecorator::Info();
    std::cout << "->Shiny";
  }
};

为了避免超级调用，你可能想将Decorator与Template方法结合起来：

class StuffDecorator : public IStuff
{
    IStuff* decorated_;
public:
    StuffDecorator(IStuff* decoratedStuff) :
        decorated_(decoratedStuff) {}
    ~StuffDecorator() { delete decorated_; }
    void Info()
    {
        decorated_->Info();
        DoInfo();
    }
private:
    // Template method
    virtual void DoInfo() = 0;
};

class Shiny : public StuffDecorator 
{
public:
  Shiny(IStuff* stuff) : StuffDecorator(stuff) { }
private:
  void DoInfo() 
  {
    std::cout << "->Shiny";
  }
};

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