宏替换，-E 选项 gcc
Macro Substitution, -E option gcc
我有以下来源
#include HEADER_H
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
return 0;
}
我想运行 gcc，用标题替换HEADER_H（在我的情况下并停止编译，所以我只想要宏替换。
我尝试使用选项 -D 和 -E，如下所示：
gcc -E main.c -DHEADER_H= < stdio.h > -o test
和相关变体...但是它返回
stdio.h: No such file or directory.
如果我没有HEADER_H我放< stdio.h >它编译得很好。我错过了什么吗？
我想实现的是以下结果：
转换此源：
#include HEADER_H
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
return 0;
}
在以下方面：
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
return 0;
}
如果可能的话，没有进一步的扩展。
更新：长笛方法作为输出返回：
# 1 "main.c"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command line>"
# 1 "main.c"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 1 3 4
# 28 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/features.h" 1 3 4
# 329 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 1 3 4
# 313 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
# 314 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
# 330 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
# 352 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
# 5 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h" 1 3 4
# 10 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 2 3 4
# 353 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
# 29 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 214 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 3 4
typedef long unsigned int size_t;
# 35 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 1 3 4
# 28 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
# 29 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
typedef unsigned char __u_char;
typedef unsigned short int __u_short;
typedef unsigned int __u_int;
typedef unsigned long int __u_long;
typedef signed char __int8_t;
typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;
typedef signed short int __int16_t;
typedef unsigned short int __uint16_t;
typedef signed int __int32_t;
typedef unsigned int __uint32_t;
typedef signed long int __int64_t;
typedef unsigned long int __uint64_t;
typedef long int __quad_t;
typedef unsigned long int __u_quad_t;
# 134 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/typesizes.h" 1 3 4
# 135 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
typedef unsigned long int __dev_t;
typedef unsigned int __uid_t;
typedef unsigned int __gid_t;
typedef unsigned long int __ino_t;
typedef unsigned long int __ino64_t;
typedef unsigned int __mode_t;
typedef unsigned long int __nlink_t;
typedef long int __off_t;
typedef long int __off64_t;
typedef int __pid_t;
typedef struct { int __val[2]; } __fsid_t;
typedef long int __clock_t;
typedef unsigned long int __rlim_t;
typedef unsigned long int __rlim64_t;
typedef unsigned int __id_t;
typedef long int __time_t;
typedef unsigned int __useconds_t;
typedef long int __suseconds_t;
typedef int __daddr_t;
typedef long int __swblk_t;
typedef int __key_t;
typedef int __clockid_t;
typedef void * __timer_t;
typedef long int __blksize_t;
typedef long int __blkcnt_t;
typedef long int __blkcnt64_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt64_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt64_t;
typedef long int __ssize_t;
typedef __off64_t __loff_t;
typedef __quad_t *__qaddr_t;
typedef char *__caddr_t;
typedef long int __intptr_t;
typedef unsigned int __socklen_t;
# 37 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
# 62 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
# 72 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/libio.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 1 3 4
# 14 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 326 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 3 4
typedef int wchar_t;
# 355 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 3 4
typedef unsigned int wint_t;
# 15 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 2 3 4
# 24 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 1 3 4
# 48 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 49 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/wchar.h" 1 3 4
# 51 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 2 3 4
# 76 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 3 4
typedef struct
{
int __count;
union
{
wint_t __wch;
char __wchb[4];
} __value;
} __mbstate_t;
# 25 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 2 3 4
typedef struct
{
__off_t __pos;
__mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos_t;
typedef struct
{
__off64_t __pos;
__mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos64_t;
# 44 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/gconv.h" 1 3 4
# 28 "/usr/include/gconv.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 1 3 4
# 48 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 49 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 2 3 4
# 29 "/usr/include/gconv.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "/usr/include/gconv.h" 2 3 4
enum
{
__GCONV_OK = 0,
__GCONV_NOCONV,
__GCONV_NODB,
__GCONV_NOMEM,
__GCONV_EMPTY_INPUT,
__GCONV_FULL_OUTPUT,
__GCONV_ILLEGAL_INPUT,
__GCONV_INCOMPLETE_INPUT,
__GCONV_ILLEGAL_DESCRIPTOR,
__GCONV_INTERNAL_ERROR
};
enum
{
__GCONV_IS_LAST = 0x0001,
__GCONV_IGNORE_ERRORS = 0x0002
};
struct __gconv_step;
struct __gconv_step_data;
struct __gconv_loaded_object;
struct __gconv_trans_data;
typedef int (*__gconv_fct) (struct __gconv_step *, struct __gconv_step_data *,
__const unsigned char **, __const unsigned char *,
unsigned char **, size_t *, int, int);
typedef wint_t (*__gconv_btowc_fct) (struct __gconv_step *, unsigned char);
typedef int (*__gconv_init_fct) (struct __gconv_step *);
typedef void (*__gconv_end_fct) (struct __gconv_step *);
typedef int (*__gconv_trans_fct) (struct __gconv_step *,
struct __gconv_step_data *, void *,
__const unsigned char *,
__const unsigned char **,
__const unsigned char *, unsigned char **,
size_t *);
typedef int (*__gconv_trans_context_fct) (void *, __const unsigned char *,
__const unsigned char *,
unsigned char *, unsigned char *);
typedef int (*__gconv_trans_query_fct) (__const char *, __const char ***,
size_t *);
typedef int (*__gconv_trans_init_fct) (void **, const char *);
typedef void (*__gconv_trans_end_fct) (void *);
struct __gconv_trans_data
{
__gconv_trans_fct __trans_fct;
__gconv_trans_context_fct __trans_context_fct;
__gconv_trans_end_fct __trans_end_fct;
void *__data;
struct __gconv_trans_data *__next;
};
struct __gconv_step
{
struct __gconv_loaded_object *__shlib_handle;
__const char *__modname;
int __counter;
char *__from_name;
char *__to_name;
__gconv_fct __fct;
__gconv_btowc_fct __btowc_fct;
__gconv_init_fct __init_fct;
__gconv_end_fct __end_fct;
int __min_needed_from;
int __max_needed_from;
int __min_needed_to;
int __max_needed_to;
int __stateful;
void *__data;
};
struct __gconv_step_data
{
unsigned char *__outbuf;
unsigned char *__outbufend;
int __flags;
int __invocation_counter;
int __internal_use;
__mbstate_t *__statep;
__mbstate_t __state;
struct __gconv_trans_data *__trans;
};
typedef struct __gconv_info
{
size_t __nsteps;
struct __gconv_step *__steps;
__extension__ struct __gconv_step_data __data [];
} *__gconv_t;
# 45 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 2 3 4
typedef union
{
struct __gconv_info __cd;
struct
{
struct __gconv_info __cd;
struct __gconv_step_data __data;
} __combined;
} _G_iconv_t;
typedef int _G_int16_t __attribute__ ((__mode__ (__HI__)));
typedef int _G_int32_t __attribute__ ((__mode__ (__SI__)));
typedef unsigned int _G_uint16_t __attribute__ ((__mode__ (__HI__)));
typedef unsigned int _G_uint32_t __attribute__ ((__mode__ (__SI__)));
# 33 "/usr/include/libio.h" 2 3 4
# 53 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stdarg.h" 1 3 4
# 43 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.2/include/stdarg.h" 3 4
typedef __builtin_va_list __gnuc_va_list;
# 54 "/usr/include/libio.h" 2 3 4
# 167 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
struct _IO_jump_t; struct _IO_FILE;
# 177 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
typedef void _IO_lock_t;
struct _IO_marker {
struct _IO_marker *_next;
struct _IO_FILE *_sbuf;
int _pos;
# 200 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
};
enum __codecvt_result
{
__codecvt_ok,
__codecvt_partial,
__codecvt_error,
__codecvt_noconv
};
# 268 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
struct _IO_FILE {
int _flags;
char* _IO_read_ptr;
char* _IO_read_end;
char* _IO_read_base;
char* _IO_write_base;
char* _IO_write_ptr;
char* _IO_write_end;
char* _IO_buf_base;
char* _IO_buf_end;
char *_IO_save_base;
char *_IO_backup_base;
char *_IO_save_end;
struct _IO_marker *_markers;
struct _IO_FILE *_chain;
int _fileno;
int _flags2;
__off_t _old_offset;
unsigned short _cur_column;
signed char _vtable_offset;
char _shortbuf[1];
_IO_lock_t *_lock;
# 316 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
__off64_t _offset;
# 325 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
void *__pad1;
void *__pad2;
void *__pad3;
void *__pad4;
size_t __pad5;
int _mode;
char _unused2[15 * sizeof (int) - 4 * sizeof (void *) - sizeof (size_t)];
};
typedef struct _IO_FILE _IO_FILE;
struct _IO_FILE_plus;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdin_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdout_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stderr_;
# 361 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
typedef __ssize_t __io_read_fn (void *__cookie, char *__buf, size_t __nbytes);
typedef __ssize_t __io_write_fn (void *__cookie, __const char *__buf,
size_t __n);
typedef int __io_seek_fn (void *__cookie, __off64_t *__pos, int __w);
typedef int __io_close_fn (void *__cookie);
# 413 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
extern int __underflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __uflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __overflow (_IO_FILE *, int);
extern wint_t __wunderflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern wint_t __wuflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern wint_t __woverflow (_IO_FILE *, wint_t);
# 451 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
extern int _IO_getc (_IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_putc (int __c, _IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_feof (_IO_FILE *__fp) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int _IO_ferror (_IO_FILE *__fp) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int _IO_peekc_locked (_IO_FILE *__fp);
extern void _IO_flockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern void _IO_funlockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int _IO_ftrylockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
# 481 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
extern int _IO_vfscanf (_IO_FILE * __restrict, const char * __restrict,
__gnuc_va_list, int *__restrict);
extern int _IO_vfprintf (_IO_FILE *__restrict, const char *__restrict,
__gnuc_va_list);
extern __ssize_t _IO_padn (_IO_FILE *, int, __ssize_t);
extern size_t _IO_sgetn (_IO_FILE *, void *, size_t);
extern __off64_t _IO_seekoff (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int, int);
extern __off64_t _IO_seekpos (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int);
extern void _IO_free_backup_area (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
# 73 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 86 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
typedef _G_fpos_t fpos_t;
# 138 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h" 1 3 4
# 139 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdin;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdout;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stderr;
extern int remove (__const char *__filename) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int rename (__const char *__old, __const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern FILE *tmpfile (void);
# 185 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
# 203 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern char *tempnam (__const char *__dir, __const char *__pfx)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__malloc__));
extern int fclose (FILE *__stream);
extern int fflush (FILE *__stream);
# 228 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fflush_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
# 242 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *fopen (__const char *__restrict __filename,
__const char *__restrict __modes);
extern FILE *freopen (__const char *__restrict __filename,
__const char *__restrict __modes,
FILE *__restrict __stream);
# 269 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 280 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *fdopen (int __fd, __const char *__modes) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
# 300 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern void setbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int setvbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
int __modes, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern void setbuffer (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
size_t __size) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern void setlinebuf (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int fprintf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
__const char *__restrict __format, ...);
extern int printf (__const char *__restrict __format, ...);
extern int sprintf (char *__restrict __s,
__const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, __const char *__restrict __format,
__gnuc_va_list __arg);
extern int vprintf (__const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg);
extern int vsprintf (char *__restrict __s, __const char *__restrict __format,
__gnuc_va_list __arg) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int snprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
__const char *__restrict __format, ...)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 4)));
extern int vsnprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
__const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 0)));
# 394 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
__const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;
extern int scanf (__const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;
extern int sscanf (__const char *__restrict __s,
__const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
# 436 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fgetc (FILE *__stream);
extern int getc (FILE *__stream);
extern int getchar (void);
# 460 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int getc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
extern int getchar_unlocked (void);
# 471 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fgetc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
extern int fputc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putchar (int __c);
# 504 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fputc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putchar_unlocked (int __c);
extern int getw (FILE *__stream);
extern int putw (int __w, FILE *__stream);
extern char *fgets (char *__restrict __s, int __n, FILE *__restrict __stream)
;
extern char *gets (char *__s) ;
# 585 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fputs (__const char *__restrict __s, FILE *__restrict __stream);
extern int puts (__const char *__s);
extern int ungetc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern size_t fread (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern size_t fwrite (__const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __s) ;
# 638 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern size_t fread_unlocked (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern size_t fwrite_unlocked (__const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern int fseek (FILE *__stream, long int __off, int __whence);
extern long int ftell (FILE *__stream) ;
extern void rewind (FILE *__stream);
# 674 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fseeko (FILE *__stream, __off_t __off, int __whence);
extern __off_t ftello (FILE *__stream) ;
# 693 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos);
extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, __const fpos_t *__pos);
# 716 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 725 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int feof (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) ;
extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) ;
extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) ;
extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) ;
extern void perror (__const char *__s);
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h" 1 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h" 3 4
extern int sys_nerr;
extern __const char *__const sys_errlist[];
# 755 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) ;
extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) ;
# 774 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *popen (__const char *__command, __const char *__modes) ;
extern int pclose (FILE *__stream);
extern char *ctermid (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
# 814 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) ;
extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
# 844 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 2 "main.c" 2
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
return 0;
}
你应该
引用<>，因为它们被 shell 解释为重定向，所以像这样：
gcc -DHEADER_H="<stdio.h>" -E main.c -o test
您还需要将标题的封闭<>或""放在宏定义中，否则替换将不会运行。用：
#include HEADER_H
参考：
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Computed-Includes.html
对于包含指令的作用，它只是在 #include 指令的位置插入文件的内容，请参阅标准：
表单的预处理指令 # 包含换行符 在一系列实现定义的位置中搜索由唯一标识的标头 <和>分隔符之间的指定序列，并导致替换该序列 指令由标头的全部内容。如何指定地点或标题 标识是实现定义的。
<stdio被解释为重定向，请使用引号：
gcc -E main.c -DHEADER_H="<stdio.h>" -o test
你必须转义这个论点：
$ gcc -E main.c -DHEADER_H='<stdio.h>' -o test
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