为什么模板实例化永远在这里

Why template instantiations go on forever here?

本文关键字:永远 在这里 实例化 为什么      更新时间:2023-10-16

在下面的代码中,我想替换

template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto check (rank<1,T>, Args... args) const
        -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<2, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
    return check(rank<2, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<1,T> derives immediately from rank<2, Ts...>.
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto check (rank<2,T>, Args... args) const
        -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<3, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
    return check(rank<3, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<2,T> derives immediately from rank<3, Ts...>.
}
// etc... until rank<9>.

使用简单的

template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Args>
auto check (rank<N,T>, Args... args) const
        -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<N+1, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
    return check(rank<N+1, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<N,T> derives immediately from rank<N+1, Ts...>.
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto check (rank<10, T>, Args... args) const { std::cout << "Nothing found.n"; }

但是,当我这样做时,尽管check(rank<10, T>, Args... args)函数终止,模板实例化仍将永远进行。这是使用上面长版本的完整代码。很抱歉没有最小化这个问题,因为我认为我无法最小化它并显示问题所在。跳到main()会向你显示我想要的简单任务,但我想使用序列排序和过载解决方案来解决它。

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
#include <tuple>
template <typename T, typename... Args>
constexpr auto has_argument_type_impl(int)
    -> decltype(std::is_same<typename T::argument_type, std::tuple<Args...>>{});  // Checking both that T::argument_type exists and that it is the same as std::tuple<Args...>.
template <typename T, typename... Args>
constexpr auto has_argument_type_impl(long) -> std::false_type;
template <typename T, typename... Args>
constexpr bool has_argument_type() { return decltype(has_argument_type_impl<T, Args...>(0))::value; }
template <typename T, std::size_t N, typename... Args>
constexpr auto has_argument_type_n_impl(int)
    -> decltype(std::is_same<typename T::template argument_type<N>, std::tuple<Args...>>{});  // Checking both that T::argument_type<N> exists and that it is the same as std::tuple<Args...>.
template <typename T, std::size_t N, typename... Args>
constexpr auto has_argument_type_n_impl(long) -> std::false_type;
template <typename T, std::size_t N, typename... Args>
constexpr bool has_argument_type_n() { return decltype(has_argument_type_n_impl<T, N, Args...>(0))::value; }
template <typename... Ts>
class Factory {
    template <std::size_t, typename...> struct rank;
    template <std::size_t N, typename First, typename... Rest>
    struct rank<N, First, Rest...> : rank<N, Rest...> {};
    template <std::size_t N, typename T> struct rank<N,T> : rank<N+1, Ts...> {};
    template <typename T> struct rank<10, T> {};  // Need to end the instantiations somewhere.
public:
    template <typename... Args>
    decltype(auto) create (Args... args) const {
        return check(rank<0, Ts...>{}, args...);
    }
private:
    template <typename T, typename... Rest, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<0, T, Rest...>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<has_argument_type<T, Args...>(), decltype(T(args...))> {
        return T(args...);
    }
    template <typename T, typename... Rest, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<0, T, Rest...>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<0, Rest...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<0, Rest...>{}, args...);
    }
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<0,T>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<1, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<1, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<0,T> derives immediately from rank<1, Ts...>.
    }
    template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Rest, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<N, T, Rest...>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<has_argument_type_n<T, N-1, Args...>(), decltype(T(args...))> {
        return T(args...);
    }
    template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Rest, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<N, T, Rest...>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type_n<T, N-1, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<N, Rest...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<N, Rest...>{}, args...);
    }
//  I want to use the following instead of what's below it.
//  template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Args>
//  auto check (rank<N,T>, Args... args) const
//          -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type_n<T, N-1, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<N+1, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
//      return check(rank<N+1, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<N,T> derives immediately from rank<N+1, Ts...>.
//  }
//
//  template <typename T, typename... Args>
//  auto check (rank<10, T>, Args... args) const { std::cout << "Nothing found.n"; }
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<1,T>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type_n<T, 0, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<2, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<2, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<1,T> derives immediately from rank<2, Ts...>.
    }
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<2,T>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type_n<T, 1, Args...>(), decltype(check(rank<3, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<3, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<2,T> derives immediately from rank<3, Ts...>.
    }
    // etc... until rank<9>.
};
// Testing
struct Object {
    template <std::size_t, typename = void> struct ArgumentType;
    template <typename T> struct ArgumentType<0,T> { using type = std::tuple<int, bool, char, double>; };
    template <typename T> struct ArgumentType<1,T> { using type = std::tuple<bool, char, double>; };
    template <std::size_t N> using argument_type = typename ArgumentType<N>::type;
    Object (int, bool, char, double) { print(); }
    Object (bool, char, double) { print(); }
    void print() const { std::cout << "Objectn"; }
};
struct Thing {
    template <std::size_t, typename = void> struct ArgumentType;
    template <typename T> struct ArgumentType<0,T> { using type = std::tuple<int, int, char>; };
    template <typename T> struct ArgumentType<1,T> { using type = std::tuple<int, char>; };
    template <typename T> struct ArgumentType<2,T> { using type = std::tuple<char>; };
    template <std::size_t N> using argument_type = typename ArgumentType<N>::type;
    Thing (int, int, char) { print(); }
    Thing (int, char) { print(); }
    Thing (char) { print(); }
    void print() const { std::cout << "Thingn"; }
};
struct Blob {
    using argument_type = std::tuple<int, double>;
    Blob (int, double) { print(); }
    void print() const { std::cout << "Blobn"; }
};
struct Widget {
    using argument_type = std::tuple<int>;
    Widget (double, double, int, double) { print(); }
    Widget (int) { print(); }
    void print() const { std::cout << "Widgetn"; }
};
int main() {
    Factory<Blob, Object, Thing, Widget>().create(4,3.5);  // Blob
    Factory<Object, Blob, Widget, Thing>().create(2);  // Widget
    Factory<Object, Thing, Blob, Widget>().create(5);  // Widget
    Factory<Blob, Object, Thing, Widget>().create(4,true,'a',7.5);  // Object
    Factory<Blob, Thing, Object, Widget>().create(true,'a',7.5);  // Object
    Factory<Blob, Object, Thing, Widget>().create('a');  // Thing
}

我知道还有其他方法可以实现这一点,但我正在努力更好地理解序列排序,并想知道为什么我不能使用注释部分。如何避免我需要放入(rank<9>,甚至更高级别)的重复代码,这些代码目前正在使此代码发挥作用?谢谢你的耐心。

注意:实际上,我不能像目前那样手动输入代码的重复部分。因为在check重载中使用的rank<N, Ts...>的最高N值将在编译时被确定为最高N值,使得argument_type<N>成员类型存在于所有Ts...中。因此,我必须使用我注释掉的通用部分,并且我使用的rank<10,T>必须将10替换为特定的N值。因此,这不仅仅是一个方便的问题。我必须解决这个问题才能继续开发这个程序。

编辑:这里有一个更简单的例子,显示了相同的问题:

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
#include <tuple>
template <typename T>
constexpr auto has_argument_type_impl(int)
    -> decltype(typename T::argument_type{}, std::true_type{});
template <typename T>
constexpr auto has_argument_type_impl(long) -> std::false_type;
template <typename T>
constexpr bool has_argument_type() { return decltype(has_argument_type_impl<T>(0))::value; }
template <typename... Ts>
class Factory {
    template <std::size_t, typename...> struct rank;
    template <std::size_t N, typename First, typename... Rest>
    struct rank<N, First, Rest...> : rank<N, Rest...> {};
    template <std::size_t N, typename T> struct rank<N,T> : rank<N+1, Ts...> {};
    template <typename T> struct rank<10, T> {};  // Need to end the instantiations somewhere.
public:
    template <typename... Args>
    decltype(auto) create (Args... args) const {
        return check(rank<0, Ts...>{}, args...);
    }
private:
    template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Rest, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<N, T, Rest...>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<has_argument_type<T>(), decltype(T(args...))> {
        return T(args...);
    }
    template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Rest, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<N, T, Rest...>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T>(), decltype(check(rank<N, Rest...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<N, Rest...>{}, args...);
    }
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<0,T>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T>(), decltype(check(rank<1, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<1, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<0,T> derives immediately from rank<1, Ts...>.
    }
//  I want to use the following instead of what's below it.
//  template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Args>
//  auto check (rank<N,T>, Args... args) const
//          -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T>(), decltype(check(rank<N+1, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
//      return check(rank<N+1, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<N,T> derives immediately from rank<N+1, Ts...>.
//  }
//
//  template <typename T, typename... Args>
//  auto check (rank<10, T>, Args... args) const { std::cout << "Nothing found.n"; }
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<1,T>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T>(), decltype(check(rank<2, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<2, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<1,T> derives immediately from rank<2, Ts...>.
    }
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    auto check (rank<2,T>, Args... args) const
            -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type<T>(), decltype(check(rank<3, Ts...>{}, args...))> {
        return check(rank<3, Ts...>{}, args...);  // Since rank<2,T> derives immediately from rank<3, Ts...>.
    }
    // etc... until rank<9>.
};
// Testing
struct Object {};
struct Thing {};
struct Blob {
    using argument_type = std::tuple<int, double>;
    Blob (int, double) { std::cout << "Blobn"; }
};
int main() {
    Factory<Object, Thing, Blob>().create(4,3.5);  // Blob
}

部分排序直到过载解决过程的很晚才开始。

忽略各种check过载中的所有乒乓球,最终你会得到

template <std::size_t N, typename T, typename... Args>
auto check (rank<N,T>, Args... args) const
      -> std::enable_if_t<!has_argument_type_n<T, N, Args...>(), 
                          decltype(check(rank<N+1, Ts...>{}, args...))>;
template <typename T, typename... Args>
auto check (rank<10, T>, Args... args) const;

具有CCD_ 9。将对两个过载执行扣除和替换;作为对第一个签名的返回类型的替换的一部分,您将实例化rank<11, Ts...>,这反过来绕过了rank的终止专门化,从而产生了无限的模板实例化链。你甚至还没有到部分排序决胜局选择第二个过载的地步。

只需将第一个重载约束为N < 10。它需要在返回类型之前进行词法分析(这样当N >= 10时,编译器就不会试图替换为它),所以将它放在默认的模板参数中。