实现井字游戏的极大极小算法

Implementing minimax algorithm for tic-tac-toe

本文关键字:极小 算法 游戏 实现井      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在尝试为井字游戏实现最小最大算法,在该游戏中,两名玩家都是人类,每次计算机都使用最小最大算法建议最佳移动。但它并不是每次都给出正确的建议。例如:对于以下情况,它没有给出正确的建议:玩家X:1玩家O:2玩家X:5。这是我的代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <algorithm>  
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#define inf 1<<20
int posmax, posmin;
char board[15];
void print_board()
{
    int i;
    for (i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
    {   
        printf("%c ",board[i]);
        if (i % 3 == 0)
            printf("n");
    }
    printf("n");
}
int check_win(char board[])
{
    if ((board[1] == 'X' && board[2] == 'X' && board[3] == 'X') ||
        (board[4] == 'X' && board[5] == 'X' && board[6] == 'X') ||
        (board[7] == 'X' && board[8] == 'X' && board[9] == 'X') ||
        (board[1] == 'X' && board[4] == 'X' && board[7] == 'X') ||
        (board[2] == 'X' && board[5] == 'X' && board[8] == 'X') ||
        (board[3] == 'X' && board[6] == 'X' && board[9] == 'X') ||
        (board[1] == 'X' && board[5] == 'X' && board[9] == 'X') ||
        (board[3] == 'X' && board[5] == 'X' && board[7] == 'X'))
    {
        return 1;
    }
    else if((board[1] == 'O' && board[2] == 'O' && board[3] == 'O') ||
            (board[4] == 'O' && board[5] == 'O' && board[6] == 'O') ||
            (board[7] == 'O' && board[8] == 'O' && board[9] == 'O') ||
            (board[1] == 'O' && board[4] == 'O' && board[7] == 'O') ||
            (board[2] == 'O' && board[5] == 'O' && board[8] == 'O') ||
            (board[3] == 'O' && board[6] == 'O' && board[9] == 'O') ||
            (board[1] == 'O' && board[5] == 'O' && board[9] == 'O') ||
            (board[3] == 'O' && board[5] == 'O' && board[7] == 'O'))
    {
        return -1;
    }
    else return 0;
}
int check_draw(char board[])
{
    if ((check_win(board) == 0) && (board[1] != '_') && (board[2] != '_') &&
        (board[3] != '_') && (board[4] != '_') && (board[5] != '_') &&
        (board[6] != '_') && (board[7] != '_') && (board[8] != '_') &&
        (board[9] != '_'))
    {
        return 1;
    }
    else return 0;
}
int minimax(int player, char board[], int n)
{
    int i, res, j;
    int max = -inf;
    int min = inf;
    int chk = check_win(board);
    if (chk == 1)
        return 1;
    else if (chk == (-1))
        return -1;
    else if (chk = check_draw(board))
        return 0;
    for (i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
    {
        if(board[i] == '_')
        {
            if(player == 2)  
            {
                board[i] = 'O';
                res = minimax(1, board, n + 1);
                board[i] = '_';
                if(res < min)
                {
                    min = res;
                    if (n == 0)
                        posmin = i;
                }
            }
            else if (player == 1)
            {
                board[i] = 'X';
                res = minimax(2, board, n + 1);
                board[i] = '_';
                if (res > max)
                {
                    max = res;
                    if (n == 0)
                        posmax = i;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (player == 1)
        return max;
    else return min;    
}

// 1 is X, 2 is O
int main()
{
    int i, j, input, opt;
    for(i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
        board[i] = '_';
    printf("Board:n");
    print_board();
    for(i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
    {
        if (i % 2 == 0)
            printf("Player O give input:n");
        else 
            printf("Player X give input:n");
        scanf("%d", &input);
        if (i % 2 != 0)
            board[input] = 'X';
        else
            board[input] = 'O';
        printf("Board:n");
        print_board();
        int chk = check_win(board);
        if (chk == 1)
        {
            printf("Player X wins!n");
            break;
        }
        else if (chk == -1)
        {
            printf("Player O wins!n");
            break;
        }
        else if ((chk == 0) && (i != 9))
        {
            posmax = -1;
            posmin = -1;
            if(i % 2 == 0)
            {
                opt = minimax(1, board, 0);
                printf("Optimal move for player X is %dn", posmax);
            }
            else 
            {
            opt = minimax(2, board, 0);
            printf("Optimal move for player O is %dn", posmin);
            }
        }
        else 
            printf("The game is tied!n");
    }
    return 0;
}

在我看来,您的程序没有给出错误的建议。如果两个玩家都处于最佳状态,Minimax会计算出一次移动的得分。在你的情况下,分数可以是+1、-1和0,因此,如果一场比赛不可避免地输掉了,那么输掉的深度也没有什么区别。给定以下游戏状态

X O _
X _ _
_ _ _

以及玩家X的最佳打法,玩家O在哪里移动并不重要(无论哪种情况他都会输):

  • O打7,X打5,O打6,X打8-->X获胜
  • O打3后,X打7-->X获胜

玩家X获胜。第7步的得分与第3步和所有其他可玩的动作相同。如果你想让你的算法给出这个例子的移动建议7,你必须将游戏深度包括在你的评估函数中。您可以将函数的返回值更改为以下值:

int chk = check_win(board);
if (chk == 1)
    return (10 - n);
else if (chk == (-1))
    return -(10 - n);
else if (chk = check_draw(board))
    return 0;

除非我读错了main(),否则在宣布它为平局之前,只需要填充8个正方形。这可能不是你正在寻找的错误,但这只是一个开始。

我认为这(尽管编码效率低下)是正确的。如果没有,请给出你认为程序错误的移动顺序。

它并没有给出最短的移动顺序,这可能就是你想要的。然后,你应该重构它,以返回给出最短移动序列(如果获胜)或最长移动序列(当失败)的移动。

替换 printf("Optimal move for player X is %d %dn", posmax); 具有 printf("Optimal move for player X is %dn", posmax);

printf("Optimal move for player O is %d %dn", posmin); 具有 printf("Optimal move for player O is %dn", posmin);

其他一切似乎都是正确的,尽管它并不总是打印出最快的胜利(如果胜利存在的话)。