从原始指针/引用创建智能指针

Create smart pointer from raw pointer / reference

本文关键字:指针 创建 智能 引用 原始      更新时间:2023-10-16

我对C++很陌生,在指针/引用方面有问题。下面的例子反映了我的问题:

#include <iostream>
#include "boost/make_shared.hpp"
#include "boost/utility.hpp"
class UsedObjectInterface {
 public:
  virtual int data() const = 0;
};
class UsedObject : public UsedObjectInterface {
 public:
  UsedObject() : data_(42) {
  }
  explicit UsedObject(int value) : data_(value) {
  }
  int data() const {
    return data_;
  }
private:
  const int data_;
};
class BaseClient : private boost::noncopyable {
public:
  virtual const UsedObjectInterface& used_object() const = 0;
};
class SegmentationFaultClient : public BaseClient {
 public:
  // This can't work, since the object is deleted immediately.
  // IMHO only the following two solutions can work:
  // 1. The member attribute is not a reference (not possible with an abstract class, we lose the advantages of polymorphism).
  // 2. The member attribute is a pointer.
  SegmentationFaultClient() : used_object_(UsedObject()) {
  }
  explicit SegmentationFaultClient(const UsedObjectInterface& used_object)
      : used_object_(used_object) {
  }
  const UsedObjectInterface& used_object() const {
    return this->used_object_;
  }
 private:
  const UsedObjectInterface& used_object_;
};
class CorrectClient : public BaseClient {
 public:
  CorrectClient() : used_object_(boost::make_shared<UsedObject>()) {
  }
  explicit CorrectClient(const boost::shared_ptr<UsedObjectInterface> used_object)
      : used_object_(used_object) {
  }
  // TODO Is it possible to change this to a const&, so at least the interface
  // is the same as in SegmentationFaultClient? Then the above constructor can
  // be deleted.
  explicit CorrectClient(const UsedObjectInterface& used_object)
      : used_object_(&used_object) {
      // TODO How-to convert a raw pointer to a smart pointer?
  }
  const UsedObjectInterface& used_object() const {
    return *this->used_object_;
  }
 private:
  const boost::shared_ptr<UsedObjectInterface> used_object_;
};
int main() {
  SegmentationFaultClient segfault_client;
  const UsedObjectInterface& a = segfault_client.used_object();
  std::cout << a.data() << std::endl;
  // Correct, but how to make this work with a const& constructor?
  const UsedObject first_object;
  CorrectClient correct_client(first_object);
  const UsedObjectInterface& b = correct_client.used_object();
  std::cout << b.data() << std::endl;
}

正如注释所说,SegmentationFaultClient类的实现是完全错误的,因为默认构造函数在堆栈上创建了一个对象,该对象被"立即"删除。因此,我提出了使用指针的类CorrectClient。我的目标是从SegmentationFaultClientconst&默认构造函数)中保留好的API(没有公共Boost)。上面的例子不能工作,并以以下错误终止:

invalid conversion from 'const UsedObjectInterface*' to 'boost::shared_ptr<UsedObjectInterface>::element_type* {aka UsedObjectInterface*}' [-fpermissive]
 explicit shared_ptr( Y * p ): px( p ), pn() // Y must be complete

所以我的问题是:有可能将原始指针*转换为智能指针吗?如果是,最好的方法是什么?如果你看到我的代码有任何其他问题,也请告诉我!

问题是,您正试图将const-pointer转换为non-const pointer。您可以使用reference作为参数,而不是const-reference,或者您可以执行以下

const boost::shared_ptr<const UsedObjectInterface> used_object_;

然而,shared_ptr的默认deleter将是delete指针,在您的情况下,这不是在堆上分配的。您应该指向empty-deleter,或者在这种情况下不使用shared_ptr