如何正确创建一个由两个文件分隔的模板类

How to properly create a template class separated in 2 files

本文关键字:分隔 文件 两个 创建 何正确 一个      更新时间:2023-10-16

我一直在读《SFML游戏开发》一书,我想创建一个模板类。我把它分为两个文件:一个.h文件和一个.inl文件,类似于

// ResourceHolder.h
#ifndef _RES_HOLDER
#define _RES_HOLDER
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
namespace Resources
{
    enum ID {LandscapeTexture, AirplaneTexture, MissileTexture};
    template<typename Resource> 
    class ResourceHolder
    {   
    public:
        void load(Resources::ID id, const std::string& file);
        template<typename Parameter>
        void load(Resources::ID id, const std::string&file,
            const Parameter& param);
        Resource& get(Resources::ID id);
        const Resource& get(Resources::ID id) const;
    private:
        std::map<Resources::ID, std::unique_ptr<Resource>> mResourceMap;
    };
#include "ResourceHolder.inl"
};
#endif

//ResourceHolder.inl
template<typename Resource>
void Resources::ResourceHolder<Resource>::load(Resources::ID id,
                                  const std::string& file) 
{
    std::unique_ptr<Resource> resource(new Resource());
    if(!resource->loadFromFile(file))
        throw std::runtime_error("ResourceHolder::load failed to load : "+file);
    mResourceMap.insert(std::make_pair(id, std::move(resource)));
}
template<typename Resource>
template<typename Parameter>
void Resources::ResourceHolder<Resource>::load(Resources::ID id,
                                     const std::string& file,
                                     const Parameter& param) 
{
    std::unique_ptr<Resource> resource(new Resource());
    if(!resource->loadFromFile(file, param))
        throw std::runtime_error("ResourceHolder::load failed to load : "+file);
    mResourceMap.insert(std::make_pair(id, std::move(resource)));
}
template<typename Resource>
Resource& Resources::ResourceHolder<Resource>::get(Resources::ID id) 
{
    auto found = mResourceMap.find(id);
    return *found->second;
}
template<typename Resource>
const Resource& Resources::ResourceHolder<Resource>::get(Resources::ID id) const 
{
    auto found = mResourceMap.find(id);
    return *found->second;
}

但当我试图编译它时,我会遇到以下错误:

1>  ResourceHolder.inl
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(2): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '<'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(2): error C2182: 'ResourceHolder' : illegal use of type 'void'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(2): error C2988: unrecognizable template declaration/definition
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(2): error C2059: syntax error : '<'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(2): error C2039: 'load' : is not a member of '`global namespace''
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(2): error C2653: 'Resources' : is not a class or namespace name
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(3): error C2039: 'string' : is not a member of 'std'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(13): error C2039: 'load' : is not a member of '`global namespace''
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(13): error C2653: 'Resources' : is not a class or namespace name
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(14): error C2039: 'string' : is not a member of 'std'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(16): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(16): error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?)
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(24): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '<'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(24): error C2040: 'ResourceHolder' : 'Resource &' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(24): error C2530: 'ResourceHolder' : references must be initialized
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(24): error C2988: unrecognizable template declaration/definition
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(24): error C2059: syntax error : '<'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(24): error C2039: 'get' : is not a member of '`global namespace''
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(24): error C2653: 'Resources' : is not a class or namespace name
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(31): error C2039: 'get' : is not a member of '`global namespace''
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(31): error C2653: 'Resources' : is not a class or namespace name
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(32): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{'
1>d:workspacesresourceholder.inl(32): error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?)

在过去的两个小时里,我一直在努力解决这个问题,也尝试删除名称空间。

在.h文件和.inl文件中分离模板类的正确方法是什么?

编辑:

这似乎是正确的方式。出现错误的原因是VS studio将我的.inl文件视为源文件,并试图对其进行编译。为了解决这个问题,我将其从项目中删除,然后再次添加。

我找到了答案。如果其他人有这个问题,是因为Visual Studio认为你的.inl文件是源文件,并试图编译它。

若要解决此问题,您需要将其从项目中删除,然后重新添加。如果在项目浏览器中显示的图标旁边有2个"+",则无法编译。这是源文件的图标。