如何使用 GPU 将 2 个 OpenCV 垫相乘

How to multiply 2 OpenCV mats using a GPU

本文关键字:OpenCV 何使用 GPU      更新时间:2023-10-16

在OpenCV中,我可以将RGB 1920 x 1080 mat乘以3 x 3 mat来更改源Mat的颜色组合。一旦我的源垫形状正确,我就可以使用"*"运算符来执行乘法。使用 cv::gpu::GpuMat 时,此运算符不可用。

我的

问题是我将如何格式化我的输入源 Mat 以使用 cv::gpu::gemm?我甚至可以使用 cv::gpu::gemm 吗?

据我所知,这是 OpenCV 库中唯一执行矩阵乘法的调用。 cv::gpu::gemm 希望看到一个CV_32FC1,CV_64FC1类型垫。我通常与CPU一起使用的类型是CV_32FC3。

//sourceMat is CV_32FC3 1920 x 1080 Mat
Mat sourceMat = matFromBuffer(data->bufferA, data->widthA, data->heightA);
//This is the color Matrix
float matrix[3][3] = {{1.057311, -0.204043, 0.055648},
{ 0.041556, 1.875992, -0.969256},
{-0.498535,-1.537150, 3.240479}};
Mat colorMatrixMat = Mat(3, 3, CV_32FC1, matrix).t();
//Color Correct the Mat
Mat linearSourceMat = sourceMat.reshape(1, 1080*1920);
Mat multipliedMatrix = linearSourceMat * colorMatrixMat;
Mat recoloredMat = multipliedMatrix.reshape(3, 1080);

更新:作为测试,我创建了测试例程:

static int gpuTest(){
    float matrix[9] = {1.057311, -0.204043, 0.055648, 0.041556, 1.875992, -0.969256, -0.498535,-1.537150, 3.240479};
    Mat matrixMat = Mat(1, 9, CV_32FC1, matrix).t();
    cv::gpu::GpuMat gpuMatrixMat;
    gpuMatrixMat.upload(matrixMat);
    float matrixDest[9] = {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1};
    Mat matrixDestMat = Mat(1, 9, CV_32FC1, matrixDest).t();
    cv::gpu::GpuMat destMatrixMat;
    destMatrixMat.upload(matrixDestMat);
    cv::gpu::GpuMat nextMat;
    cv::gpu::gemm(gpuMatrixMat, destMatrixMat, 1, cv::gpu::GpuMat(), 0, nextMat);
    return 0;
};

我收到的错误是:

OpenCV Error: Assertion failed (src1Size.width == src2Size.height) in gemm, file /Users/myuser/opencv-2.4.12/modules/gpu/src/arithm.cpp, line 109
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type cv::Exception: /Users/myuser/opencv-2.4.12/modules/gpu/src/arithm.cpp:109: error: (-215) src1Size.width == src2Size.height in function gemm

现在 src1Size.width 如何等于 src2Size.height?宽度和高度不同。

下面是使用 OpenCV 3.1 的最小工作示例。

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/cudaarithm.hpp>
int main()
{ 
    cv::Mat sourceMat = cv::Mat::ones(1080, 1920, CV_32FC3);
    //This is the color Matrix
    float matrix[3][3] = {
        { 1.057311, -0.204043, 0.055648 }
        , { 0.041556, 1.875992, -0.969256 }
        , { -0.498535, -1.537150, 3.240479 }
        };
    cv::Mat colorMatrixMat = cv::Mat(3, 3, CV_32FC1, matrix).t();
    cv::Mat linearSourceMat = sourceMat.reshape(1, 1080 * 1920);
    cv::Mat multipliedMatrix = linearSourceMat * colorMatrixMat;
    try {
        cv::Mat dummy, gpuMultipliedMatrix;
        // Regular gemm
        cv::gemm(linearSourceMat, colorMatrixMat, 1.0, dummy, 0.0, gpuMultipliedMatrix);
        // CUDA gemm
        // cv::cuda::gemm(linearSourceMat, colorMatrixMat, 1.0, dummy, 0.0, gpuMultipliedMatrix);
        std::cout << (cv::countNonZero(multipliedMatrix != gpuMultipliedMatrix) == 0);
    } catch (cv::Exception& e) {
        std::cerr << e.what();
        return -1;
    }
}

请注意,当要gemm(...)的 beta 参数为零时,将忽略第三个输入矩阵(基于代码)。

不幸的是,我没有使用 CUBLAS 编译的 OpenCV 版本可供尝试,但它应该可以工作。


以下有些猜测...

要使其与OpenCV 2.4一起使用,您需要添加更多内容。在调用 gemm(...) 之前,您需要创建GpuMat对象并上传数据。

cv::gpu::GpuMat gpuLinSrc, gpuColorMat, dummy, gpuResult;
gpuLinSrc.upload(linearSourceMat);
gpuColorMat.upload(colorMatrixMat);

然后。。。

cv::gpu::gemm(gpuLinSrc, gpuColorMat, 1.0, cv::gpu::GpuMat(), 0.0, gpuResult);

最后从GPU下载数据。

cv::Mat resultFromGPU;
gpuResult.download(resultFromGPU);

更新

下面是一个更详细的示例,向您展示正在发生的事情:

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
// ============================================================================
// Make a 3 channel test image with 5 rows and 4 columns
cv::Mat make_image()
{
    std::vector<float> v(5 * 4);
    std::iota(std::begin(v), std::end(v), 1.0f); // Fill with 1..20
    cv::Mat seq(5, 4, CV_32FC1, v.data()); // 5 rows, 4 columns, 1 channel
    // Create 3 channels, each with different offset, so we can tell them apart
    cv::Mat chans[3] = {
        seq, seq + 100, seq + 200
    };
    cv::Mat merged;
    cv::merge(chans, 3, merged); // 5 rows, 4 columns, 3 channels
    return merged;
}
// Make a transposed color correction matrix.
cv::Mat make_color_mat()
{
    float color_in[3][3] = {
        { 0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f } // Coefficients for channel 0
        , { 0.4f, 0.5f, 0.6f } // Coefficients for channel 1
        , { 0.7f, 0.8f, 0.9f } // Coefficients for channel 2
    };
    return cv::Mat(3, 3, CV_32FC1, color_in).t();
}
void print_mat(cv::Mat m, std::string const& label)
{
    std::cout << label << ":n  size=" << m.size()
        << "n  channels=" << m.channels()
        << "n" << m << "n" << std::endl;
}
// Perform matrix multiplication to obtain result point (r,c)
float mm_at(cv::Mat a, cv::Mat b, int r, int c)
{
    return a.at<float>(r, 0) * b.at<float>(0, c)
        + a.at<float>(r, 1) * b.at<float>(1, c)
        + a.at<float>(r, 2) * b.at<float>(2, c);
}
// Perform matrix multiplication to obtain result row r
cv::Vec3f mm_test(cv::Mat a, cv::Mat b, int r)
{
    return cv::Vec3f(
        mm_at(a, b, r, 0)
        , mm_at(a, b, r, 1)
        , mm_at(a, b, r, 2)
        );
}
// ============================================================================
int main()
{ 
    try {
        // Step 1
        cv::Mat source_image(make_image());
        print_mat(source_image, "source_image");
        std::cout << "source pixel at (0,0): " << source_image.at<cv::Vec3f>(0, 0) << "nn";
        // Step 2
        cv::Mat color_mat(make_color_mat());
        print_mat(color_mat, "color_mat");
        // Step 3
        // Reshape the source matrix to obtain a matrix:
        // * with only one channel (CV_32FC1)
        // * where each row corresponds to a single pixel from source
        // * where each column corresponds to a single channel from source
        cv::Mat reshaped_image(source_image.reshape(1, source_image.rows * source_image.cols));
        print_mat(reshaped_image, "reshaped_image");
        // Step 4
        cv::Mat corrected_image;
        // corrected_image = 1.0 * reshaped_image * color_mat
        cv::gemm(reshaped_image, color_mat, 1.0, cv::Mat(), 0.0, corrected_image);
        print_mat(corrected_image, "corrected_image");
        // Step 5
        // Reshape back to the original format
        cv::Mat result_image(corrected_image.reshape(3, source_image.rows));
        print_mat(result_image, "result_image");
        std::cout << "result pixel at (0,0): " << result_image.at<cv::Vec3f>(0, 0) << "nn";
        // Step 6
        // Calculate one pixel manually...
        std::cout << "check pixel (0,0): " << mm_test(reshaped_image, color_mat, 0) << "nn";
    } catch (cv::Exception& e) {
        std::cerr << e.what();
        return -1;
    }
}
// ============================================================================

步骤 1

首先,我们创建一个小的测试输入图像:

  • 图像包含 3 个浮点值通道,即数据类型为 CV_32FC3 。让我们按该顺序将通道视为红色绿色蓝色
  • 图像包含 5 行像素。
  • 图像包含 4 列像素。
  • 每个通道中的值依次为green = red + 100blue = red + 200
source_image:
  size=[4 x 5]
  channels=3
[1, 101, 201, 2, 102, 202, 3, 103, 203, 4, 104, 204;
 5, 105, 205, 6, 106, 206, 7, 107, 207, 8, 108, 208;
 9, 109, 209, 10, 110, 210, 11, 111, 211, 12, 112, 212;
 13, 113, 213, 14, 114, 214, 15, 115, 215, 16, 116, 216;
 17, 117, 217, 18, 118, 218, 19, 119, 219, 20, 120, 220]

我们可以打印出单个像素,以使结构更清晰:

source pixel at (0,0): [1, 101, 201]

步骤 2

创建示例颜色校正矩阵(转置),以便:

  • 第一列包含用于确定红色值的系数
  • 第二列包含用于确定绿色值的系数
  • 第三列包含用于确定蓝色值的系数
color_mat:
  size=[3 x 3]
  channels=1
[0.1, 0.40000001, 0.69999999;
 0.2, 0.5, 0.80000001;
 0.30000001, 0.60000002, 0.89999998]

旁注:色彩校正算法

我们希望使用系数 C 将源像素 S 转换为像素 T

S = [ sr, sg, sb ]
T = [ tr, tg, tb ]
C = [ cr1, cr2, cr3;
      cg1, cg2, cg3;
      cb1, cb2, cb3]

这样

Tr = cr1 * sr + cr2 * sg + cr3 * sb
Tg = cg1 * sr + cg2 * sg + cg3 * sb
Tb = cb1 * sr + cb2 * sg + cb3 * sb

可以用以下矩阵表达式表示

T = S * C_transpose

步骤 3

为了能够使用上述算法,我们首先需要将图像重塑为一个矩阵,该矩阵:

  • 包含一个通道,因此每个点的值只是一个浮点数
  • 每行一个像素。
  • 有 3 列代表红色绿色蓝色

在此形状中,矩阵乘法意味着输入中的每个像素/行乘以系数矩阵以确定输出中的一个像素/行。

重塑后的矩阵如下所示:

reshaped_image:
  size=[3 x 20]
  channels=1
[1, 101, 201;
 2, 102, 202;
 3, 103, 203;
 4, 104, 204;
 5, 105, 205;
 6, 106, 206;
 7, 107, 207;
 8, 108, 208;
 9, 109, 209;
 10, 110, 210;
 11, 111, 211;
 12, 112, 212;
 13, 113, 213;
 14, 114, 214;
 15, 115, 215;
 16, 116, 216;
 17, 117, 217;
 18, 118, 218;
 19, 119, 219;
 20, 120, 220]

步骤 4

我们执行乘法,例如使用 gemm ,得到以下矩阵:

corrected_image:
  size=[3 x 20]
  channels=1
[80.600006, 171.5, 262.39999;
 81.200005, 173, 264.79999;
 81.800003, 174.5, 267.20001;
 82.400002, 176, 269.60001;
 83, 177.5, 272;
 83.600006, 179, 274.39999;
 84.200005, 180.5, 276.79999;
 84.800003, 182, 279.20001;
 85.400002, 183.5, 281.60001;
 86, 185, 284;
 86.600006, 186.5, 286.39999;
 87.200005, 188, 288.79999;
 87.800003, 189.5, 291.20001;
 88.400009, 191, 293.60001;
 89, 192.5, 296;
 89.600006, 194, 298.39999;
 90.200005, 195.50002, 300.79999;
 90.800003, 197, 303.20001;
 91.400009, 198.5, 305.60001;
 92, 200, 308]

步骤 5

现在我们可以将图像重塑回原始形状。结果是

result_image:
  size=[4 x 5]
  channels=3
[80.600006, 171.5, 262.39999, 81.200005, 173, 264.79999, 81.800003, 174.5, 267.20001, 82.400002, 176, 269.60001;
 83, 177.5, 272, 83.600006, 179, 274.39999, 84.200005, 180.5, 276.79999, 84.800003, 182, 279.20001;
 85.400002, 183.5, 281.60001, 86, 185, 284, 86.600006, 186.5, 286.39999, 87.200005, 188, 288.79999;
 87.800003, 189.5, 291.20001, 88.400009, 191, 293.60001, 89, 192.5, 296, 89.600006, 194, 298.39999;
 90.200005, 195.50002, 300.79999, 90.800003, 197, 303.20001, 91.400009, 198.5, 305.60001, 92, 200, 308]

让我们从结果中看一个像素:

result pixel at (0,0): [80.6, 171.5, 262.4]

步骤 6

现在我们可以通过手动执行适当的计算来仔细检查我们的结果(函数 mm_testmm_at )。

check pixel (0,0): [80.6, 171.5, 262.4]