std::bind 会导致非法的间接错误
std::bind causes illegal indirection error
我正在阅读SFML游戏开发书籍，但是我遇到了std：：bind的问题。 我寻找解决方案，似乎其他人也有类似的问题。 但是，我仍然无法找到解决此特定问题的方法。 这是我的代码：
数据表.hpp
#ifndef DATA_TABLES_HPP
#define DATA_TABLES_HPP
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
struct PickupData {
std::function<void(Aircraft&)> action;
}
std::vector<PickupData> initializePickupData();
#endif
数据表.cpp
using namespace std::placeholders;
std::vector<PickupData> initializePickupData() {
std::vector<PickupData> data(static_cast<int>(Pickup::Type::TypeCount));
data[static_cast<int>(Pickup::Type::HealthRefill)].action = std::bind(&Aircraft::repair, _1, 25);
data[static_cast<int>(Pickup::Type::MissileRefill)].action = std::bind(&Aircraft::collectMissiles, _1, 3);
data[static_cast<int>(Pickup::Type::FireSpread)].action = std::bind(&Aircraft::increaseSpread, _1);
data[static_cast<int>(Pickup::Type::FireRate)].action = std::bind(&Aircraft::increaseFireRate, _1);
return data;
}
实体.hpp
#ifndef ENTITY_HPP
#define ENTITY_HPP
class Entity {
public:
explicit Entity(int hitpoints);
void repair(int points);
protected:
int hitpoints;
};
#endif
实体.cpp
#include "Entity.hpp"
#include <cassert>
Entity::Entity(int hitpoints)
: hitpoints(hitpoints)
{}
void Entity::repair(int points) {
assert(points > 0);
hitpoints += points;
}
飞机.hpp
#ifndef AIRCRAFT_HPP
#define AIRCRAFT_HPP
class Aircraft : public Entity {
public:
Aircraft();
void increaseFireRate();
void increaseSpread();
void collectMissiles(unsigned int count);
private:
int missileAmmo;
int fireRateLevel;
int spreadLevel;
}
#endif
飞机.cpp
#include "Aircraft.hpp"
Aircraft::Aircraft()
: Entity(100)
, missileAmmo(2)
, fireRateLevel(1)
, spreadLevel(1)
{}
void Aircraft::collectMissiles(unsigned int count) {
missileAmmo += count;
}
void Aircraft::increaseSpread() {
if (spreadLevel < 3)
++spreadLevel;
}
void Aircraft::increaseFireRate() {
if (fireRateLevel < 10)
++fireRateLevel;
}
皮卡.hpp
#ifndef PICKUP_HPP
#define PICKUP_HPP
#include "Entity.hpp"
#include "Aircraft.hpp"
class Pickup : public Entity {
public:
enum class Type {
HealthRefil,
MissileRefill,
FireSpread,
FireRate,
TypeCount
}
explicit Pickup(Type type);
void apply(Aircraft& player) const;
private:
Type type;
}
#endif
皮卡.cpp
#include "Pickup.hpp"
#include "DataTables.hpp"
namespace {
const std::vector<PickupData> Table = initializePickupData();
}
Pickup::Pickup(Type type)
: Entity(1)
, type(type)
{}
void Pickup::apply(Aircraft& player) const {
Table[static_cast<int>(type)].action(player);
}
这是错误：
1>c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(1241): error C2100: illegal indirection
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(1149) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Rx std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),_Rx,Entity,int>::operator ()<Aircraft>(_Wrapper &,int) const' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Rx=void
1> , _Wrapper=Aircraft
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(1149) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Rx std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),_Rx,Entity,int>::operator ()<Aircraft>(_Wrapper &,int) const' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Rx=void
1> , _Wrapper=Aircraft
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(1137) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>::_Do_call<Aircraft,0,1>(std::tuple<Aircraft &>,std::_Arg_idx<0,1>)' being compiled
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(1137) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>::_Do_call<Aircraft,0,1>(std::tuple<Aircraft &>,std::_Arg_idx<0,1>)' being compiled
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludexrefwrap(283) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>::operator ()<Aircraft&>(Aircraft &)' being compiled
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludexrefwrap(283) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>::operator ()<Aircraft&>(Aircraft &)' being compiled
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(228) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Ret std::_Callable_obj<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>,false>::_ApplyX<_Rx,Aircraft&>(Aircraft &)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Rx=void
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(228) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Ret std::_Callable_obj<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>,false>::_ApplyX<_Rx,Aircraft&>(Aircraft &)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Rx=void
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(226) : while compiling class template member function 'void std::_Func_impl<_MyWrapper,_Alloc,_Ret,Aircraft &>::_Do_call(Aircraft &)'
1> with
1> [
1> _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<void,Aircraft &>>
1> , _Ret=void
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(495) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Func_impl<_MyWrapper,_Alloc,_Ret,Aircraft &>' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<void,Aircraft &>>
1> , _Ret=void
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(396) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>::_Do_alloc<_Myimpl,_Ty,_Alloc>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Ty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<void,Aircraft &>>
1> , _Fty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(396) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>::_Do_alloc<_Myimpl,_Ty,_Alloc>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Ty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<void,Aircraft &>>
1> , _Fty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(385) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>::_Reset_alloc<_Ty,std::allocator<std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>>>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Ty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Fty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<void,Aircraft &>>
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(385) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>::_Reset_alloc<_Ty,std::allocator<std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>>>(_Fty &&,_Alloc)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Ty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Fty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<void,Aircraft &>>
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(688) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>::_Reset<_Ty>(_Fty &&)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Ty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Fty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> ]
1> c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 12.0vcincludefunctional(688) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,Aircraft &>::_Reset<_Ty>(_Fty &&)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ret=void
1> , _Ty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> , _Fty=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> ]
1> c:usersalecdesktopc++ codesfmlprojectsfmlprojectdatatables.cpp(78) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::function<void (Aircraft &)> &std::function<void (Aircraft &)>::operator =<std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>>(_Fx &&)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Fx=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> ]
1> c:usersalecdesktopc++ codesfmlprojectsfmlprojectdatatables.cpp(78) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::function<void (Aircraft &)> &std::function<void (Aircraft &)>::operator =<std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>>(_Fx &&)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Fx=std::_Bind<true,void,std::_Pmf_wrap<void (__thiscall Entity::* )(int),void,Entity,int>,std::_Ph<1> &,int>
1> ]
任何可能的解决方案将不胜感激。
所以问题出在这条线上：
data[static_cast<int>(Pickup::Type::HealthRefill)].action =
std::bind(&Aircraft::repair, _1, 25);
根据错误转储，action 是std::function<void(Aircraft&)>，但repair是基类 Entity 而不是 Aircraft 的成员。由于std::bind返回的时髦返回值，因此无法将其直接转换为std::function<void(Aircraft&)>。首先需要将返回值强制转换为std::function<void(Entity&)>，该值可以隐式转换为std::function<void(Aircraft&)>，然后再将其分配给操作。 即：
data[static_cast<int>(Pickup::Type::HealthRefill)].action =
(std::function<void(Entity &)>) std::bind(&Aircraft::repair, std::placeholders::_1, 25);
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