不正确地将成员变量设置为 null

Setting member variables to null improperly

本文关键字:设置 null 变量 成员 正确地 不正确      更新时间:2023-10-16

我想我正确地声明了所有内容,但我在 main.cpp 的第 22-26 行中得到了未声明的标识符。我也得到这个 = 在我的员工第 12-16 行中模棱两可.cpp。我还有一个奇怪的表达式,必须在员工.cpp的第 55 行中具有指向工资对象类型的指针。我真的很感激任何帮助,因为我的学校目前没有导师。

//Employee.h
using namespace std;
class Employee {
private:
public:
    string FirstName;
    string LastName;
    string DisplayFirstName;
    string DisplayLastName;
    string DisplaySalary;
    string SearchName;
    float Salary;
    Employee( string FirstName, string LastName, float Salary )
    {
            setFirstName(FirstName);
            setLastName(LastName);
            setSalary(Salary);
    }
    string setFirstName(string FirstName);
    string setLastName(string LastName);
    float setSalary(float Salary);
    void ReadFile(ifstream& MyinFile, string FirstName, string LastName, float Salary);
    string EmployeeSearch(string LastName[], string SearchName);
    void DisplayEmployee (string DisplayFirstName, string DisplayLastName, string DisplaySalary);
    Employee();
};
//Employee.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Employee.h"
using namespace std;
string setFirstName(string FirstName)
{
**FirstName = NULL;** //ambiguous error
}
string setLastName(string LastName)
{
**LastName = NULL;** //ambiguous error
}
float setSalary(float Salary)
{
Salary = 0.0;
}
void ReadFile(ifstream& MyinFile, string FirstName, string LastName, float Salary)
{
char exit_char;
int MaxSize;
int count = 0;
MyinFile.open("employee.dat"); 
    if (!MyinFile)
    {    //no
        cout << "Can't open input file." << endl; //Tests the right file.
        char exit_char;                         //End Program
        cout << "Press any key to exit" << endl;
        cin >> exit_char;
    }
    for(count = 0; count < MaxSize; count++)
    {
        MyinFile >> LastName[count];
        MyinFile >> FirstName[count];
        MyinFile >> **Salary[count];** //error
    }
MyinFile.close();
}
string EmployeeSearch(string LastName[], string FirstName[], float Salary, string SearchName, string DisplayFirstName, string DisplayLastName, string DisplaySalary)
{
    cout << "Please enter the name of the employee you would like to search." <<  endl;
    cin >> SearchName;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
    {
        if (LastName[i] == SearchName)
    {
        DisplayFirstName = FirstName[i];
        DisplayLastName = LastName[i];
        DisplaySalary = **Salary[i];**  //error
    }
    else 
        cout << "Could not find employee." << endl;
    }
};
void DisplayEmployee (string DisplayFirstName, string DisplayLastName, string DisplaySalary)
{
cout << DisplayFirstName << "   ";
cout << DisplayLastName << "    ";
cout << DisplaySalary << endl;
};
//Main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Employee.h"
using namespace std;
const int MaxSize = 100;
int main()
{
char Redo;          //Input a character to redo the program
ifstream MyinFile;
cout << "Your Salary Machinenn";
Employee  Employee;
Employee.ReadFile(**MyinFile, FirstName, LastName, Salary**); //undeclared identifier error
do
{
    Employee.EmployeeSearch(**LastName[], SearchName**); //undeclared identifier error
    Employee.DisplayEmployee(**DisplayFirstName,DisplayLastName,DisplaySalary**); //undeclared identifier error
    //Asks user if they want redo the program
    cout << "Would you like to redo the program?n";
    cout << "Please enter Y or N: n";
    cin >> Redo;
}while(Redo == 'Y' || Redo == 'y');
return 0;
}

编写该程序是为了读取具有名字和姓氏然后薪水的文件然后能够输入文件中任何人的姓氏,它将显示姓名和薪水,然后重复。我假设使用构造函数将名字和姓氏初始化为 NULL,然后将薪水初始化为 0.0。我还应该使用 get 和设置成员函数。

以下是错误:

------ Build started: Project: Lab3Project, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
Main.cpp
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(22): error C2065: 'FirstName' : undeclared identifier
 \psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(22): error C2065: 'LastName' : undeclared identifier
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(22): error C2065: 'Salary' : undeclared identifier
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(25): error C2065: 'SearchName' : undeclared identifier
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(25): error C3861: 'LastName': identifier not found
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(26): error C2065: 'DisplayFirstName' : undeclared identifier
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(26): error C2065: 'DisplayLastName' : undeclared identifier
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectmain.cpp(26): error C2065: 'DisplaySalary' : undeclared identifier
Employee.cpp
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectemployee.cpp(12): error C2593: 'operator =' is ambiguous
      c:program filesmicrosoft visual studio 10.0vcincludexstring(772): could be  'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(_Elem)'
      with
      [
          _Elem=char,
          _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
          _Ax=std::allocator<char>
      ]
      c:program filesmicrosoft visual studio 10.0vcincludexstring(767): or       'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(const _Elem *)'
      with
      [
          _Elem=char,
          _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
          _Ax=std::allocator<char>
      ]
      while trying to match the argument list '(std::string, int)'
 \psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectemployee.cpp(16): error C2593: 'operator =' is ambiguous
      c:program filesmicrosoft visual studio 10.0vcincludexstring(772): could be 'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(_Elem)'
      with
      [
          _Elem=char,
          _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
          _Ax=std::allocator<char>
      ]
      c:program filesmicrosoft visual studio 10.0vcincludexstring(767): or       'std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax> &std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Ax>::operator =(const _Elem *)'
      with
      [
          _Elem=char,
          _Traits=std::char_traits<char>,
          _Ax=std::allocator<char>
      ]
      while trying to match the argument list '(std::string, int)'
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectemployee.cpp(40): error C2109: subscript requires array or pointer type
\psfhomedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectscsci112lab3projectlab3projectemployee.cpp(55): error C2109: subscript requires array or pointer type
  • 看起来你需要做很多工作来改进你的代码。首先,您应该将所有头文件放在 Employee.h 上。无论您决定包含 Employee.h 的哪个位置,这都很有用,它的所有头文件也将包含在内,因此您不必再次包含它们。
  • 在C++中,您可以将变量定义为指针或引用。请了解指针(*指针(、双指针(**双指针(也称为数组指针、引用(&引用(和变量(变量(之间的区别。您还应该了解如何取消引用指针,例如指针(**指针(。
  • 了解类、函数或变量定义与其声明之间的尊重关系。这对于您当前的分配问题尤其重要。
  • 您有一个员工课程,如果您是初学者;头文件用于构造函数、析构函数、成员变量和成员函数定义。而.cpp文件用于构造函数、成员函数和非成员函数声明。大多数情况下,析构函数的声明不包含太多内容,但是这是删除指针的地方。
  • C++你必须管理内存,否则你的指针会出现内存泄漏。因此,每当您定义指针(*指针(时,都应该在析构函数上将其删除。头文件中缺少析构函数。您需要定义一个。
  • 您应该像这样在头文件中定义和/或声明构造函数。在你的构造函数中调用 SetFirstName((、setLastName((、setSalary(( 真的没有意义。这些方法应仅在 MAIN 类中使用。要设置类成员变量,请执行以下操作。

    Employee( string FirstName, string LastName, float Salary )
    this.FirstName = FirstName;
    this.LastName = LastName;
    this.Salary = Salary;
    

    }

  • 包含类析构函数

    ~Employee(){
    }
    
  • SET 函数仅用于设置成员变量,不应返回任何内容。它们不应该返回字符串,而应该是 null。喜欢这个。

  • 设置函数定义。

    空集名字(字符串名字(;
    void setLastName(字符串 LastName(;
    无效设定工资(浮动工资(;

  • 定义和声明 GET 函数。

    字符串 getFirstName(( { return FirstName;}
    string getLastName(( { return LastName;}
    float getSalary(( { return Salary;}

  • 在 .cpp 文件中,您应该在 Employee 类中定义的其他成员函数中声明您的 set 函数。 像这样。

    void Employee::setFirstName(string FirstName({
    名字 = 名字;

    }void Employee::setLastName(string LastName({
    姓氏 = 姓氏;

    }无效员工::设置工资(浮动工资({
    工资=工资;
    }

  • 此 Readfile 函数读取此格式示例的文件; 第一行;约翰·加里 100.50,下一行;迈克尔·肖恩 250.80 等并将其存储在员工向量中。

    typedef std::vector EmployeeType
    员工类型帐户;

    void ReadFile(ifstream& MyinFile, string FirstName, string LastName, float Salary( {
    字符串 st;
    浮点数 n;

    while(MyinFile>> st( {
    this.setFirstName(st(;
    this.setLastName(MyinFile>> st(;
    this.setSalary(MyinFile>> n(;
    account.push_back(这个(;
    }

  • 搜索员工功能。它仅按名字搜索。

  • 您还应该了解 C++ 中的数组和数组指针。

    字符串员工:

    :员工搜索(字符串姓氏,字符串名字({

    库特<<"请输入您要搜索的员工的姓名。" <<endl;
    cin>> 搜索名称;
    字符串 st = "没有这样的员工";
    字符串 s = " ";

    员工*雇用;

    for(int i = 0; i <account.size((;>雇用 = account.at(i(;
    if(SearchName == employ->getFirstName((({
    std::cout <<employ->getFirstName(( <<" " <<employ->getLastName(( <<" " <<employ->getSalary(( <<endl;
    st = ";

    st.append(employ.getFirstName(((;
    圣附录;
    st.append(employ.getLastName(((;
    圣附录;

    std::ostringstream ss;
    ss <<employ.getSalary((;
    string so(ss.str(((;
    圣附录(所以(;
    返回圣;

    }}返回圣;

    }

看看你的main.cpp中的这一行:

Employee.ReadFile(**MyinFile, FirstName, LastName, Salary**); //undeclared identifier error

FirstNameLastNameSalary从何而来?他们从未在int main()范围内宣布.这就是您出现未声明的标识符错误的原因。

我不确定为什么您的 Employee::ReadFile 成员函数采用最后三个参数。它应该从文件中读入并设置this.FirstName等,而不是已传递到函数中的参数。

这应该会让你走上正确的轨道:

// In header file, replace ReadFile prototype with:
void ReadFile(ifstream& MyinFile);
// In implementation file, replace ReadFile with:
void ReadFile(ifstream& MyinFile)
{
    char exit_char;
    int MaxSize;
    int count = 0;
    MyinFile.open("employee.dat"); 
        if (!MyinFile)
        {    //no
            cout << "Can't open input file." << endl; //Tests the right file.
            char exit_char;                         //End Program
            cout << "Press any key to exit" << endl;
            cin >> exit_char;
        }
        for(count = 0; count < MaxSize; count++)
        {
            MyinFile >> this->LastName;
            MyinFile >> this->FirstName;
            MyinFile >> this->Salary;
        }
    MyinFile.close();
    }
// In main.cpp, replace the current call to Employee.ReadFile with:
Employee.ReadFile(MyinFile);

这可能不会解决您的所有问题,但这是一个开始。