强制CMake/VisualStudio使用Boost.Python的静态库
Force CMake/VisualStudio to use static libs of Boost.Python
我目前正在尝试在Windows(使用英特尔编译器(上构建一个大项目，在带有CMake的UNIX上编译得很好。这是我的问题的一个简化的简单例子。
使用 Boost.Python 运行以下简单的代码示例：
#include <iostream>
#include <Python.h>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
int main()
{
std::string python_home = "C:\softs\python\2.7.9\64";
char* python_home_char = new char[python_home.length() + 1];
strcpy(python_home_char, python_home.c_str());
Py_SetPythonHome(python_home_char);
Py_Initialize();
boost::python::object pyobj_main = boost::python::import("__main__");
boost::python::object glob = pyobj_main.attr("__dict__");
boost::python::exec("print "Hello from Python"", glob, glob);
Py_Finalize();
return 0;
}
执行代码时收到以下错误消息：
程序无法启动，因为您的计算机中缺少boost_python-iw-mt-1_57.dll。尝试重新安装该程序以解决此问题。
请注意，如果删除代码末尾boost::python::***的 3 行，我没有错误。另外，如果我使用 Boost.Thread 编译以下示例，我没有任何错误(在我看来，它也使用库(不仅仅是标头(，对吗？
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
boost::mutex mutex_hello;
void hello(unsigned long int thread_number)
{
boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock_hello(mutex_hello);
std::cout << "Hello from thread " << thread_number << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
boost::thread_group group;
for(unsigned long int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
group.create_thread(boost::bind(hello, i + 1));
group.join_all();
return 0;
}
实际上，我不想使用共享库，我希望我的可执行文件尽可能静态。
我使用以下CMake文件构建此代码：
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.9)
# Project
project(TestBoost)
enable_language(C)
enable_language(CXX)
enable_language(Fortran)
# Compiler info
if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
set(CompilerName "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}")
set(CompilerVersion "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION}")
if(CMAKE_CL_64)
set(CompilerArch "64")
else()
set(CompilerArch "32")
endif()
endif()
string(TOLOWER "${CompilerName}" CompilerName)
if("${CompilerVersion}" MATCHES "([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)\..*")
string(REGEX REPLACE "([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)\..*" "\1" CompilerVersion "${CompilerVersion}")
endif()
# Libs
set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES .lib .a ${CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES})
# Intel
if(CompilerName STREQUAL "intel")
string(REGEX REPLACE "(.*)/bin/.*" "\1" IntelPath "${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}")
if(CompilerArch STREQUAL "32")
set(IntelArchStr "ia32")
elseif(CompilerArch STREQUAL "64")
set(IntelArchStr "intel64")
endif()
set(Compiler_LIBRARY_DIRS "${IntelPath}/compiler/lib/${IntelArchStr}")
endif()
# Boost
set(BOOST_ROOT "C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/${CompilerArch}/${CompilerName}/${CompilerVersion}")
set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREAD ON)
set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
set(Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS ON)
set(Boost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS "1.57.0" "1.57")
find_package(Boost 1.57.0 REQUIRED COMPONENTS thread system filesystem python)
# Python
set(PythonPath C:/softs/python/2.7.9/${CompilerArch})
set(Python_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PythonPath}/include)
set(Python_LIBRARY_DIRS ${PythonPath}/libs)
set(Python_LIBRARIES python27)
# Executable
include_directories(SYSTEM ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${Python_INCLUDE_DIRS})
link_directories(${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS} ${Python_LIBRARY_DIRS} ${Compiler_LIBRARY_DIRS})
add_executable(test_boost test_boost.cpp)
target_link_libraries(test_boost ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${Python_LIBRARIES})
我运行此 CMake 脚本时，初始条目设置为 Intel C++ Compiler XE 14.0 CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET，并将英特尔编译器指定为本机编译器。在其上运行CMake时没有错误或警告(请参阅下面的日志(。这将生成一个TestBoost.sln 的文件。在Visual Studio Professional 2013中加载时，我将编译类型更改为Release，并修改目标test_boost的链接器选项以添加/NODEFAULTLIB:LIBCMT(由于CMake中的错误而解决此问题(。然后我编译没有任何错误。
来自CMake的日志：
The C compiler identification is Intel 14.0.4.20140805
The CXX compiler identification is Intel 14.0.4.20140805
Check for working C compiler using: Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64
Check for working C compiler using: Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64 -- works
Detecting C compiler ABI info
Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
Check for working CXX compiler using: Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64
Check for working CXX compiler using: Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64 -- works
Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
The Fortran compiler identification is Intel
Check for working Fortran compiler using: Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64
Check for working Fortran compiler using: Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64 -- works
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info
Detecting Fortran compiler ABI info - done
Determine Intel Fortran Compiler Implicit Link Path
Determine Intel Fortran Compiler Implicit Link Path -- done
Checking whether C:/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Composer XE 2013 SP1/bin/intel64/icl.exe supports Fortran 90
Checking whether C:/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Composer XE 2013 SP1/bin/intel64/icl.exe supports Fortran 90 -- yes
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:515 ] _boost_TEST_VERSIONS = 1.57.0;1.57
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:517 ] Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED = TRUE
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:519 ] Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS = ON
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:521 ] Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME =
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:523 ] Boost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS = 1.57.0;1.57
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:525 ] Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS = ON
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:577 ] Declared as CMake or Environmental Variables:
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:579 ] BOOST_ROOT = C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:581 ] BOOST_INCLUDEDIR =
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:583 ] BOOST_LIBRARYDIR =
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:585 ] _boost_TEST_VERSIONS = 1.57.0;1.57
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:654 ] Include debugging info:
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:656 ] _boost_INCLUDE_SEARCH_DIRS = C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4/include;C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4;NO_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PATH
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:658 ] _boost_PATH_SUFFIXES = boost-1_57_0;boost_1_57_0;boost/boost-1_57_0;boost/boost_1_57_0;boost-1_57;boost_1_57;boost/boost-1_57;boost/boost_1_57
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:678 ] location of version.hpp: C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4/include/boost-1_57/boost/version.hpp
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:702 ] version.hpp reveals boost 1.57.0
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:787 ] guessed _boost_COMPILER = -iw
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:797 ] _boost_MULTITHREADED = -mt
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:840 ] _boost_RELEASE_ABI_TAG = -
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:842 ] _boost_DEBUG_ABI_TAG = -gd
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:890 ] _boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS = C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4/lib;C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4/stage/lib;C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4/include/boost-1_57/lib;C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4/include/boost-1_57/../lib;C:/softs/boost/1.57.0/64/intel/14.0.4/include/boost-1_57/stage/lib;NO_CMAKE_SYSTEM_PATH
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1001 ] Searching for THREAD_LIBRARY_RELEASE: libboost_thread-iw-mt-1_57;libboost_thread-iw-mt;libboost_thread-mt-1_57;libboost_thread-mt;libboost_thread;libboost_thread-iw-mt-s-1_57;libboost_thread-iw-mt-s;libboost_thread-mt-s-1_57;libboost_thread-mt-s
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1037 ] Searching for THREAD_LIBRARY_DEBUG: libboost_thread-iw-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_thread-iw-mt-gd;libboost_thread-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_thread-mt-gd;libboost_thread-mt;libboost_thread;libboost_thread-iw-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_thread-iw-mt-s-gd;libboost_thread-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_thread-mt-s-gd
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1001 ] Searching for SYSTEM_LIBRARY_RELEASE: libboost_system-iw-mt-1_57;libboost_system-iw-mt;libboost_system-mt-1_57;libboost_system-mt;libboost_system;libboost_system-iw-mt-s-1_57;libboost_system-iw-mt-s;libboost_system-mt-s-1_57;libboost_system-mt-s
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1037 ] Searching for SYSTEM_LIBRARY_DEBUG: libboost_system-iw-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_system-iw-mt-gd;libboost_system-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_system-mt-gd;libboost_system-mt;libboost_system;libboost_system-iw-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_system-iw-mt-s-gd;libboost_system-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_system-mt-s-gd
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1001 ] Searching for FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY_RELEASE: libboost_filesystem-iw-mt-1_57;libboost_filesystem-iw-mt;libboost_filesystem-mt-1_57;libboost_filesystem-mt;libboost_filesystem;libboost_filesystem-iw-mt-s-1_57;libboost_filesystem-iw-mt-s;libboost_filesystem-mt-s-1_57;libboost_filesystem-mt-s
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1037 ] Searching for FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY_DEBUG: libboost_filesystem-iw-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_filesystem-iw-mt-gd;libboost_filesystem-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_filesystem-mt-gd;libboost_filesystem-mt;libboost_filesystem;libboost_filesystem-iw-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_filesystem-iw-mt-s-gd;libboost_filesystem-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_filesystem-mt-s-gd
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1001 ] Searching for PYTHON_LIBRARY_RELEASE: libboost_python-iw-mt-1_57;libboost_python-iw-mt;libboost_python-mt-1_57;libboost_python-mt;libboost_python;libboost_python-iw-mt-s-1_57;libboost_python-iw-mt-s;libboost_python-mt-s-1_57;libboost_python-mt-s
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1037 ] Searching for PYTHON_LIBRARY_DEBUG: libboost_python-iw-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_python-iw-mt-gd;libboost_python-mt-gd-1_57;libboost_python-mt-gd;libboost_python-mt;libboost_python;libboost_python-iw-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_python-iw-mt-s-gd;libboost_python-mt-s-gd-1_57;libboost_python-mt-s-gd
[ C:/Program Files (x86)/CMake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1088 ] Boost_FOUND = 1
Boost version: 1.57.0
Found the following Boost libraries:
thread
system
filesystem
python
Configuring done
如何强制编译仅使用静态库？我认为CMake文件中的选项就是这种情况。此外，它正在使用线程处理示例...也许在安装Boost.Python时出了点问题？
使用 Boost.Python 时，默认配置是动态链接。 若要强制静态链接，请在编译中定义BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB。 请考虑以下任一情况：
- 在 CMake 中添加
add_definitions(-DBOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB) - 在包含
boost/python.hpp之前添加#define BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB - 在
boost/config/user.hpp中添加#define BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB
Boost.Python 是 Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS CMake 变量的例外。 FindBoost文档指出：
在Visual Studio和Borland编译器上，Boost标头请求自动链接到相应的库。[...]Boost 自动链接通常请求静态库，但有一些例外(例如 Boost.Python(。
遗憾的是，BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB选项既未在 Boost 用户可设置选项、选择 Boost.Python 库二进制文件中列出，也未在 Boost.Python 配置信息文档中列出。
给出示例代码的其他一些建议：
- 根据 Boost.Python 的嵌入文档，不要调用
Py_Finalize()。 一些内部的Boost.Python对象在Py_Finalize()期间将保持活动状态，并且仅在Boost.Python卸载时才尝试删除，导致对象尝试使用不存在的解释器删除。 - 不要直接包括，
python.h. 如果必须，请考虑改为包括boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp。 - 不要在
python.h(或 Boost.Python 文件(之前包含任何系统标头。 此限制由 Python 施加(请参阅此处(。
后两项建议记录在#include问题一节中。
似乎您在计算机上查找dll时遇到问题。作为临时修复，您可以尝试将.dll文件重命名为 .pyd。
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