如何创建不接受浮点值的整数验证函数

How to make an integer validation function that does not accept floating point values?

本文关键字:整数 函数 验证 不接受 何创建 创建      更新时间:2023-10-16
getRegionTotal()

我现在用于验证的函数。它的效果很好,因为如果用户输入"二十"或 -7 之类的内容,它不会接受,它会继续要求新值,直到它得到一个有效的值。但是,如果用户输入 60.7 作为北部地区的事故数量,它将接受 60 并删除 .7 部分。然后,当它询问南部地区的事故数量时,它将给出常规指示和更具体的指示。

//These will hold the number of accidents in each region last year
int northTotal = 0;
int southTotal = 0;
int eastTotal = 0;
int westTotal = 0;
int centralTotal = 0;
//passing 0 for northTotal, southTotal etc. because main doesn't know
//values of them until the function returns a value. When it returns a value
//it will go into the variables on the left. getRegionTotal will get the number
//of accidents for a region from the user and prompt the user using the string that
//is in the first argument.
northTotal = getRegionTotal("North", northTotal);
southTotal = getRegionTotal("South", southTotal);
eastTotal = getRegionTotal("East", eastTotal);
westTotal = getRegionTotal("West", westTotal);
centralTotal = getRegionTotal("Central", centralTotal);

int getRegionTotal(string regionName, int regionTotal)
{
    //instructs user to enter number of accidents reported in a particular region
    cout << "nNumber of automobile accidents reported in " << regionName << " " << cityName << ": ";
    //while regionTotal is not an integer or regionTotal is negative
    while (!(cin >> regionTotal) || (regionTotal < 0) )
    {
        //give user more specific instructions
        cout << "nPlease enter a positive whole number for the number ofn";
        cout << "automobile accidents in " << regionName << " " << cityName << ": ";
        cin.clear(); //clear out cin object
        cin.ignore(100, 'n'); //ignore whatever is in the cin object
                                //up to 100 characters or until
                                // a new line character
    }
    //returns a valid value for the number of accidents for the region
    return regionTotal;
}

解析整行并确保已使用整行。

使用iostreams:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
for (std::string line; std::getline(std::cin, line); )
{
    std::istringstream iss(line);
    int result;
    if (!(iss >> result >> std::ws && iss.get() == EOF))
    {
        // error, die. For example:
        std::cout << "Unparsable input: '" << line << "'n";
        continue;
    }
    // else use "result"
}

使用标准翻译:

#include <errno>
#include <cstdlib>
char const * input = line.c_str();   // from above, say
char * e;
errno = 0;
long int result = std::strtol(input, &e, 10);
if (e == input || *e != '' || errno != 0)
{
    // error
}

这两种方法基本上是相同的,但前者可能更"惯用C++"。也就是说,如果您已经有一个现有的字符串,strtol -方法是一个很好的选择,因为它为您提供了精确的错误处理:您是否消耗了整个字符串(如果没有,则e指向下一个字符(;您是否使用了任何字符串(如果没有,则e指向开头(;是否有溢出或下溢(检查errno(。另一方面,iostreams 方法允许您使用尾随空格(感谢 >> std::ws (,而 strtol 解决方案则没有。

还有std::stol它包装了strtol(同样适用于strtoull/strtod等(,但它在错误时抛出异常,我相信异常不是构建正常行为控制流的正确工具,例如读取用户输入。此外,您无法控制这些包装器的操作方式;例如,即使他们不使用整个字符串(但不告诉你他们走了多远(,也成功了,并且您无法指定数字基数。