将字符串转换为十进制基C++

Convert a string to a decimal base C++

本文关键字:C++ 十进制 字符串 转换      更新时间:2023-10-16

所以我要接收一条消息(msg),并使用十进制基数(a=65,B=66等)将其转换为所有数字

到目前为止,我已经将消息保存为字符串,并尝试使用字符串流将其转换为十进制。这是正确的方法吗?还是有更简单/更有效的方法?

这是我所拥有的:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string msg;
int P;
cout << "Enter a something: ";
cin >> P;
cout << "Enter your message: ";
cin.ignore( 256, 'n');
getline( cin, msg );
cout << endl << "Message Reads: " << msg << endl ;
 int emsg;                                 // To store converted string
 stringstream stream;                      // To perform conversions
 stream << msg ;                           // Load the string
 stream >> dec >> emsg;                           // Extract the integer
 cout << "Integer value: " << emsg << endl;
 stream.str("");                           // Empty the contents
 stream.clear();                           // Empty the bit flags

return 0;
}

示例运行:

Enter a something: 3                     // This is used just to make things go smoothly
Enter your message: This is a message    // The message I would like converted to decimal base
Message Reads: This is a message         // The ascii message as typed above
Integer value: 0                         // I would ultimately like this to be the decimal base message( Ex: 84104105 ...etc.)

您不需要使用字符串流,它比这容易得多,只需转换为无符号字符(如果您有任何负编码的字符),然后转换为int。

cout << "Integer value: ";
for (size_t i = 0 ; i < msg.size(); ++i)
    cout << static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(msg[i]));
cout << "n";

每个字符都由一个整数编码,而这个整数恰好是您想要的整数。因此,您可以使用简单的强制转换来进行转换。

如果您想将字符串中的每个字符转换为ASCII等价字符(这似乎是您想要的),那么您必须对字符串进行迭代,并将每个字符作为一个数字。

如果您的编译器具有基于范围的for循环,那么只需执行

for (const char& ch : msg)
{
    std::cout << "Character '" << ch << "' is the same as "
              << static_cast<int>(ch) << 'n';
}

如果你有一个旧的编译器,那么使用普通的迭代器:

for (std::string::const_iterator itr = msg.begin();
     itr != msg.end();
     ++itr)
{
    std::cout << "Character '" << *itr << "' is the same as "
              << static_cast<int>(*itr) << 'n';
}