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Boost Spirit Qi Expectation

本文关键字:期望值      更新时间:2023-10-16

我对Spirit Qi比较陌生,正在尝试解析类似汇编程序的语言。

例如,我想解析:

Func Ident{
    Mov name, "hello"
    Push 5
    Exit
}

到目前为止,一切都很好。我可以正确地解析它。然而,错误处理程序有时会出现奇怪的错误位置。以以下故障代码为例:

Func Ident{
    Mov name "hello" ; <-- comma is missing here
    Push 5
    Exit
}

以下是此解析中涉及的规则:

    gr_function = lexeme["Func" >> !(alnum | '_')] // Ensure whole words
                    > gr_identifier
                    > "{"
                    > *( gr_instruction
                            |gr_label
                        |gr_vardecl
                        |gr_paramdecl)
                    > "}";
    gr_instruction = gr_instruction_names
                     > gr_operands;
    gr_operands = -(gr_operand % ',');

解析会注意到错误,但会抱怨Mov后面缺少"}"。我有一种感觉,这个问题在"Func"的定义中,但无法准确指出。我希望解析器抱怨缺少","如果它抱怨相应的错误,那也没关系,但它肯定应该指出一个缺失的逗号是罪魁祸首。

我尝试过一些变体,例如:

gr_operands = -(gr_operand 
                >> *(','
                     > gr_operand)
                );

和其他人,但有其他奇怪的错误。

有人知道如何说"好吧,你可能有一条没有操作数的指令,但如果你找到了一条,并且在下一条之前没有逗号,就在逗号处失败"吗?

更新

感谢您到目前为止的回答。gr_operand定义如下:

    gr_operand = ( gr_operand_intlit
                  |gr_operand_flplit
                  |gr_operand_strlit
                  |gr_operand_register
                  |gr_operand_identifier);
    gr_operand_intlit = int_;
    gr_operand_flplit = double_;
    gr_operand_strlit = '"'
                        > strlitcont
                        > '"'
                    ;
    gr_operand_register = gr_register_names;
    // TODO: Must also not accept the keywords from the statement grammar
    gr_operand_identifier = !(gr_instruction_names | gr_register_names)
                            >> raw[
                                    lexeme[(alpha | '_') >> *(alnum | '_')]
                                  ];
    escchar.name("\"");
    escchar     = '' >> char_(""");
    strlitcont.name("String literal content");
    strlitcont  = *( escchar | ~char_('"') );

您需要明确什么可以是操作数。我猜是这样的:

gr_operand    = gr_identifier | gr_string;
gr_string     = lexeme [ '"' >> *("""" | ~char_(""")) >> '"' ];

不相关,但您可能需要明确一点,即新行开始一条新语句(使用blank_type作为队长):

        >> "{"
        >> -(
                  gr_instruction
                | gr_label
                | gr_vardecl
                | gr_paramdecl
            ) % eol
        > "}";

现在,解析器将能够抱怨在解析失败时需要换行。

我用你在原帖中的草图制作了一个完整的工作样本。

在Coliru上查看直播

#define BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
namespace qi    = boost::spirit::qi;
template <typename It, typename Skipper = qi::blank_type>
    struct parser : qi::grammar<It, Skipper>
{
    parser() : parser::base_type(start)
    {
        using namespace qi;
        start = lexeme["Func" >> !(alnum | '_')] > function;
        function = gr_identifier
                    >> "{"
                    >> -(
                              gr_instruction
                            //| gr_label
                            //| gr_vardecl
                            //| gr_paramdecl
                        ) % eol
                    > "}";
        gr_instruction_names.add("Mov", unused);
        gr_instruction_names.add("Push", unused);
        gr_instruction_names.add("Exit", unused);
        gr_instruction = lexeme [ gr_instruction_names >> !(alnum|"_") ] > gr_operands;
        gr_operands = -(gr_operand % ',');
        gr_identifier = lexeme [ alpha >> *(alnum | '_') ];
        gr_operand    = gr_identifier | gr_string;
        gr_string     = lexeme [ '"' >> *("""" | ~char_(""")) >> '"' ];
        BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODES((start)(function)(gr_instruction)(gr_operands)(gr_identifier)(gr_operand)(gr_string));
    }
  private:
    qi::symbols<char, qi::unused_type> gr_instruction_names;
    qi::rule<It, Skipper> start, function, gr_instruction, gr_operands, gr_identifier, gr_operand, gr_string;
};
int main()
{
    typedef boost::spirit::istream_iterator It;
    std::cin.unsetf(std::ios::skipws);
    It f(std::cin), l;
    parser<It, qi::blank_type> p;
    try
    {
        bool ok = qi::phrase_parse(f,l,p,qi::blank);
        if (ok)   std::cout << "parse successn";
        else      std::cerr << "parse failed: '" << std::string(f,l) << "'n";
        if (f!=l) std::cerr << "trailing unparsed: '" << std::string(f,l) << "'n";
        return ok;
    } catch(const qi::expectation_failure<It>& e)
    {
        std::string frag(e.first, e.last);
        std::cerr << e.what() << "'" << frag << "'n";
    }
    return false;
}