特征:基类的模板特化中的类型演绎

我尝试写一个c++模板类，它应该能够通过相同的接口处理"简单"类型和"Eigen::MatrixBase"类类型。我设法用两种不同的简单类型获得想要的行为，但很难将特征语法压缩到我的最小示例中……也许有人能给我点建议?

环顾四周，这接近我想要的——没有Eigen。这看起来也很相似。

#ifndef __MINIMAL_H__
#define __MINIMAL_H__
#include <Eigen/Core>
// base-class defining and interface + common functions
// child-classes with possible overloads. does not work to
// define basic eigen-types as template specialization parameter
template<typename T>
class MinimalBase
{
    public:
        MinimalBase(const T& val)
            :val(val){};
        T val;
        // pure virtual interface
        virtual void setZero() = 0;
        // the common functionality
        void increase() { val = val*6; };
        void decrease() { val = val/7; };
};

// again pure virtual, so that the compiler will not instantiate this when
// trying to deduce the correct template specialization
template<typename T>
class Minimal : public MinimalBase<T>
{
    public:
        Minimal(const T& val)
            :MinimalBase<T>(val){};
        virtual void setZero() = 0;
        // the rest of the common functionality is inherited from MinimalBase
};
// one spezialization for "int"
template<>
class Minimal<int> : public MinimalBase<int>
{
    public:
        Minimal()
            :MinimalBase<int>(4){};
        virtual void setZero() { val = 0; };
};
// this one is actually shorter...
template<>
class Minimal<short> : public MinimalBase<short>
{
    public:
        Minimal()
            :MinimalBase<short>(1){};
        virtual void setZero() { val = 0; };
        void increase() { val = val*3; };
};
// and the eigen-one (at best limited to vector-like matrices)... how to do this?
template<class Derived>
class Minimal<Eigen::MatrixBase<Derived> > : public MinimalBase<Eigen::MatrixBase<Derived> >
{
        public:
        Minimal<Eigen::MatrixBase<Derived> >()
            :MinimalBase<Eigen::MatrixBase<Derived> >(Eigen::MatrixBase<Derived>::Zero()){};
        virtual void setZero() { this->val.setZero(); };
};
#endif

最后一个带有特征元素的代码块无法编译。我更迷失在如何解决这个问题的大方向上，具体的语法对我来说不是很清楚。使用这个头文件将无法在您的通用的minimal-example-main-cpp(除了Eigen-stuff)中编译以下行:

Minimal<int>A;
Minimal<short>B;
// this does not work:
Minimal<Eigen::Vector2f>C;
std::cerr << "before: " << A.val << " " << B.val << "n";
A.increase();
A.decrease();
B.increase();
B.setZero()
std::cerr << "after: " << A.val << " " << B.val << "n";

编译器的错误信息是这样的:

/home/joe/test/test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
/home/joe/test/test.cpp:36:29: error: no matching function for call to ‘Minimal<Eigen::Matrix<float, 2, 1> >::Minimal()’
     Minimal<Eigen::Vector2f>C;
                             ^
/home/joe/test/test.cpp:36:29: note: candidates are:
In file included from /home/joe/test/test.cpp:7:0:
/home/joe/test/minimal.h:26:9: note: Minimal<T>::Minimal(const T&) [with T = Eigen::Matrix<float, 2, 1>]
         Minimal(const T& val)
         ^
/home/joe/test/minimal.h:26:9: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
/home/joe/test/minimal.h:23:7: note: Minimal<Eigen::Matrix<float, 2, 1> >::Minimal(const Minimal<Eigen::Matrix<float, 2, 1> >&)
 class Minimal : public MinimalBase<T>
       ^
/home/joe/test/minimal.h:23:7: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
/home/joe/test/test.cpp:36:29: error: cannot declare variable ‘C’ to be of abstract type ‘Minimal<Eigen::Matrix<float, 2, 1> >’
     Minimal<Eigen::Vector2f>C;
                             ^
In file included from /home/joe/test/test.cpp:7:0:
/home/joe/test/minimal.h:23:7: note:   because the following virtual functions are pure within ‘Minimal<Eigen::Matrix<float, 2, 1> >’:
 class Minimal : public MinimalBase<T>
       ^
/home/joe/test/minimal.h:29:22: note:       void Minimal<T>::setZero() [with T = Eigen::Matrix<float, 2, 1>]
         virtual void setZero() = 0;
                      ^